Elizabeth I of England, several times, via privateers officially appointed.
"A privateer or corsair used similar methods to a pirate, but acted while in possession of a commission or letter of marque from a government or monarch authorizing the capture of merchant ships belonging to an enemy nation."
"One famous privateer was Sir Francis Drake. His patron was Queen Elizabeth I, and their relationship ultimately proved to be quite profitable for England."
"Piracy : Privateers" : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate#Famous_historical_pirates.2Fprivateers
"In the late 16th century, British ships cruised in the Caribbean and off the Spanish coast, trying to intercept Spanish treasure fleets bringing gold and silver from Mexico. The British Empire felt this was justified by the Spanish Armada seizing the ships of Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins, who were trying to sell West African slaves to Spanish colonies, where that activity was illegal."
"At this early stage the idea of a regular navy (the Royal Navy, as distinct from the Merchant Navy) was not present, so there is little to distinguish this activity from regular naval warfare. The privateering certainly had the support of Elizabeth I, who on occasion lent ships to or bought shares in expeditions. Attacking Spanish ships was part of a policy of aggressive competition with Spain, and helped provoke the first Anglo-Spanish War. Capturing a Spanish treasure ship would enrich the Crown as well as striking a practical blow against Spanish domination of America and a spiritual blow against Catholicisim."
"While bringing home a great deal of money, these attacks hardly dented the flow of gold and silver from Mexico to Spain. More treasure reached Spain in the period 1585-1603 than at any other time in history."
"Elizabeth was succeeded by the first Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, who did not permit privateering."
"Captain Christopher Newport led more attacks on Spanish shipping and settlements than any other English privateer. As a young man, Newport sailed with Sir Francis Drake in the daring attack on the Spanish fleet at Cadiz and participated in England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada. During the war with Spain, Newport seized fortunes of Spanish and Portuguese treasure in fierce sea battles in the West Indies as a privateer for Queen Elizabeth I. In 1590, after leading his men aboard an enemy ship off the coast of Cuba, his right arm was "strooken off", and Newport was referred to thereafter as, “Christopher Newport of the one hand.” In 1592, Newport captured the Portuguese, Madre de Dios "Mother of God." She was valued at £500,000, the most valuable prize captured during the Elizabethan privateering era."
"Privateer : Privateering on the Spanish Main" : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privateer#Privateering_on_the_Spanish_Main
2007-06-08 07:31:11
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answer #1
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answered by Erik Van Thienen 7
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Frances Drake robbed the Spanish Armada's pay ship the Rosario, in 1588. However, this was only one of the ships he attacked during his life, and he targetted many spanish ships carrying gold from South America to Spain.
Attacking each others ships with 'licensed piracy' occurred regularly between the Dutch Spanish French and English (with the help of Welshmen such as Henry Morgan) throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
Therefore it happened in the reign of more than one monarch (much happened during the reign of Charles II).
It also happened during the rule of the regicide, Oliver Cromwell.
2007-06-08 14:27:49
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answer #2
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answered by Bernard B (yahoo answers) 3
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