what is the name of us satellite to go by venus mars, mercury.?

Answer 1

The Mariner series of rockets

The Mariner program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury. The program included a number of firsts, including the first planetary flyby, the first planetary orbiter, and the first gravity assist maneuver.

Of the ten vehicles in the Mariner series, seven were successful and three were lost. The planned Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 vehicles evolved into Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 of the Voyager program, while the Viking 1 and Viking 2 Mars orbiters were enlarged versions of the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Other Mariner-based spacecraft, launched since Voyager, included the Magellan probe to Venus, and the Galileo probe to Jupiter.

A second-generation Mariner spacecraft, called the Mariner Mark II series, eventually evolved into the Cassini-Huygens probe, now in orbit around Saturn. The recently-launched New Horizons probe to Pluto, based primarily on the more simplified Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 probes to Jupiter and Saturn, has some features from the Mariner series, including 3-axis stabilization and a Voyager and Cassini-style communications dish.

THE TEN MARINERS

Mariner 1, intended to fly by Venus, attempted to launch on July 22 1962 but was destroyed approximately 5 minutes after liftoff by the Air Force Range Safety Officer (RSO) when its malfunctioning Atlas-Agena rocket went off course.

Mariner 2 was built as a backup to Mariner 1 and was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus. The mission was a success and Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to fly by another planet.

Mariner 3 and Mariner 4 were Mars flyby missions. Mariner 3 was lost when the launch vehicle's nose fairing failed to jettison.

Its sister ship, Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range.

The Mariner 5 spacecraft was launched to Venus on June 14, 1967 and arrived in the vicinity of the planet in October 1967. It carried a complement of experiments to probe Venus' atmosphere with radio waves, scan its brightness in ultraviolet light, and sample the solar particles and magnetic field fluctuations above the planet.

Mariners 6 and 7 were identical teammates in a two-spacecraft mission to Mars. Mariner 6 was launched on February 24, 1969, followed by Mariner 7 on March 27, 1969. They flew over the equator and southern hemisphere of the planet Mars.

Mariner 8 and Mariner 9 were identical sister craft designed to map the Martian surface simultaneously, but Mariner 8 was lost in a launch vehicle failure. Its identical sister craft, Mariner 9, was launched in May 1971 and became the first artificial satellite of Mars.

It entered Martian orbit in November 1971 and began photographing the surface and analyzing the atmosphere with its infrared and ultraviolet instruments.

Though now shut off, it will stay in an Areocentric (Mars) orbit until at least 2022 when it will fall out of orbit into the Martian atmosphere.

The Mariner 10 spacecraft launched on November 3, 1973 and was the first to use a gravity assist trajectory, accelerating as it entered the gravitational influence of Venus, then being flung by the planet's gravity onto a slightly different course to reach Mercury.

It was also the first spacecraft to encounter two planets at close range, and the first (and so far only) spacecraft to photograph Mercury in closeup.

Answer 2

POES Polar Orbiting Enviormental Satellite. An orbiting constellation of weather satellites dating back to the '60's.

Answer 3

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