What were the intellectual advancements of the Mongols?

Answer 1

"During its existence, the "Pax Mongolica" facilitated cultural exchange and trade between the East, West, and the Middle East in the period of the 13th and 14th centuries. The Mongol Empire established commercial and political connections between the Eastern and Western areas of the world that have remained to the present day."

"Mongols prized their commercial and trade relationships with neighboring economies and this policy they continued during the process of their conquests and during the expansion of their empire. All merchants and ambassadors, having proper documentation and authorization, traveling through their realms were protected. This greatly increased overland trade."

"The Mongol Empire had an ingenious and efficient mail system for the time. There were posts set up all over the Mongol Empire. A messenger would travel from post to post and at each post he would receive a new, rested horse to ensure the speediest delivery of the mail he was carrying."

"The Mongol Empire was governed by a code of law devised by Genghis, called Yassa, meaning "order" or "decree". [...] Under Yassa, chiefs and generals were selected based on merit, religious tolerance was guaranteed, and thievery and vandalizing of civilian property was strictly forbidden."

"The empire was governed by a non-democratic parliamentary-style central assembly, called Kurultai, in which the Mongol chiefs met with the Great Khan to discuss domestic and foreign policies."

"Genghis also demonstrated a rather liberal and tolerant attitude to the beliefs of others, and never persecuted people on religious grounds. This proved to be good military strategy, as when he was at war with Sultan Muhammad of Khwarezm, other Islamic leaders did not join the fight against Genghis — it was instead seen as a non-holy war between two individuals."

"Non-military achievements of the Mongol Empire include the introduction of a writing system, based on the Uyghur script, that is still used in Inner Mongolia. The Empire unified all the tribes of Mongolia, which made possible the emergence of a Mongol nation and culture."

"Some of the long-term consequences of the Mongol Empire include:"

"- The Mongol empire is traditionally given credit for reuniting China and expanding its frontiers."

"- The language Chagatai, widely spoken among a group of Turks, is named after a son of Genghis Khan. It was once widely spoken, and had a literature, but eventually became extinct in Russia."

"- Moscow rose to prominence during the Mongol-Tatar yoke, some time after Russian rulers were accorded the status of tax collectors for Mongols (which meant that the Mongols themselves would rarely visit the lands that they owned)."

"- Europe’s knowledge of the known world was immensely expanded by the information brought back by ambassadors and merchants. When Columbus sailed in 1492, his missions were to reach Cathay, the land of the Genghis Khan."

"Mongol Empire" : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_empire

"The conquests of Genghis Khan effectively connected the Eastern world with the Western world, ruling a territory from Southeast Asia to Central Europe. The Silk Road, connecting trade centers across Asia and Europe, came under the sole rule of the Mongol Empire. The term Pax Mongolica is used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create."

"Pax Mongolica" : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Mongolica

"Ögedei rebuilt Karakorum in 1235 and re-established Karakorum's trade along the Silk Road. This ancient state of Mongolia in the 13th century was among the most famous and powerful of all in the world. Karakorum became a major site for world trade and politics. "The flow of ambassadors from France, sons of Georgian and Armenian sovereigns, Russian princes, and Chinese officials was unceasing" "

"For the next few years, the new khan [Kublai Khan] devoted his attention to administrative reforms of his vast empire. One major development under Kublai's generalship was his establishment in 1260 of a winter capital at Dadu, in modern day Beijing, China. By 1267, he had made Dadu the new capital of his empire. (Encyclopædia Britannica)"

"Karakorum" : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum_%28palace%29#Rise

Answer 2

Mongol Dynasty Achievements

Answer 3

improvements on the composite bow, although the first one was invented by the Egyptians.

The stirrup, for better Horse riding.

Mounted/Archer combat tactics.

Answer 4

I am not sure what there exact developments were but they ruled through fear so often times the conquered populace still existed very much as they would have other than paying tribute and following the kahn's orders

Answer 5

You may as well ask what were the intellectual advancements of the Nazis. Military achievement does not equate to intellectual.

Answer 6

using shepherding techniques in human group handling. taking prisoners equaled to gathering the herd of sheeps, and prisoners had aproximate value of an animal. they were used in the way other armies used the herds of animals - filling enemy trenches, spreading panic through enemy camps.

Answer 7

Didn't they pioneer the gunpowder arrow?