Are angle of incidence and angle of refraction always equal?

Question

Currently doing a lab but these angles are not equal?

Answer 1

The angle of incidence will never be equal to the angle of refraction if you change mediums of different density. If light comes in perpendicular to a surface it will change speed, but no change in direction. If you go from a less dense medium like air and enter a more dense medium like glass or water your angle of refraction will be smaller than your angle of incidence. The angles are always measured from the normal (or perpendicular line) to the surface of the medium. The reverse happens going from a more dense to less dense medium, going from water to air the angle of refraction is greater than the angle of refraction. This is why you have "water world" if you're in a pool and look at certain angles you can't see outside the water. The surface of the water is like a curtain or ceiling. However the angle of reflection will equal the angle of incidence again measured from the normal. Just like bouncing a ball at an angle against the floor.

Answer 2

If you are using a mirror the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

In the case of refraction (with an interface between air and glass or air and water) the angle of refraction depends on the index of refraction of the substances involved.

Answer 3

No. That is why a straight object like a pencil or a ruler look bent when you put them into water... the light doesn't go through in a straight line... the surface of the water "bends" it.

Answer 4

as a results of fact the attitude of prevalence is 0 levels, so the mild is perpendicular to the reflecting floor or it particularly is falling oftentimes. for this reason,it won't deviate from its direction. for this reason attitude r =0