Chemistry question.?

Question

How is it possible that negatively charged beta particles are emitted from a positively charged nucleus during nuclear decay?

Answer 1

Well, it happens. The beta particle is presumed to come from a neutron, which can be considered a combination electron/proton with some atomic "glue" tossed in. The fact the whole nucelus is positive doesn't enter into the process.
Also, since an extra proton has popped up, an extra electron is needed "out there" to balance the atom. So, overall, things balance out.

Answer 2

An unstable neutron, a neutral particle in the atomic nucleus, decays into three particles:

1) A proton (+1 charge)
2) An electron (-1 charge)
3) An antineutrino (no charge)

Because both a +1 and a -1 charge are created from the decay of the neutron, the OVERALL charge of all involved particles remains the same (neutral).

The type of decay described above yields a new element, increased by one in Atomic Number (meaning the nucleus has an extra proton than it did before). The antineutrino and electron escape as particles. Neutrinos have very little mass and associate very weakly with ordinary matter, and as such are not harmful byproducts of the decay. Indeed, the nuclear reactions in the sun produce countless numbers of antineutrinos which move at nearly light speed and shower the earth continuously (they are not affected by earth's magnetic field as charged particles are). Most pass through the entire earth and emerge from the other side WITHOUT HAVING INTERACTED WITH ONE SINGLE ATOM IN THEIR PATH. They are very odd indeed.