what (if anything) is moving during radioactive decay?

Answer 1

I'm assuming you are talking about particle decay during nuclear reactions and radioactivity.
Different particles are resulted during decay,
alpha (helium), beta, protons, electrons, nuetrons, gamma ray particles, positron, etc.

Answer 2

This is a very good question. In fact, decay is always marked by something moving. Some decay, like alpha and beta particles being spun off, entails mass in motion. Some decay, like high energy photons called gamma rays, being released entails just wave bundles of energy in motion. Just exactly what's moving in decay depends on the radioactive material.

By the way, other particles can be caused to spin off. Like bombarding alpha particles, which are two each protons and neutrons bundled together, can cause the alpha particles to split into protons and neutrons. But, and this is a BIG BUT, such splitting is not "radioactive decay." Radioactive decay is a term reserved solely for the spontaneous emiting of one or more of the alpha, beta, and gamma emissions from the naturally decaying material. [See source.]

Answer 3

Alpha-decay
Beta-decay
Inverse beta-decay
Electron capture decay
Gamma emission
Spontaneous fission
Isomeric state conversion

Something must obviously come out, right? Charge, spin, baryon number, lepton generation number, momentum, mass-energy... must all be conserved.

Answer 4

nothing moves..
Only mass is converted in radiations.