DNA Nucleotides?

Question

How do they work?...and stuff?..I googled it, but couldn't find the hisory of it etc. Enzymes?...is that part of the puzzle?..thanks.

Answer 1

DNA nucleotides form a code that is used eventually to make proteins.

The nucleotides are strung together along a sugar-phosphate backbone so that you get a bunch of them: GCTACGGAGCTT whatever ... if you have a whole lot of them coding for a protein, this is called a gene

These are reproduced when the cell splits so daughter cells have the same DNA stuff in them.

When the cell wants to make a protein, an RNA copy of the nucleotide sequence is made (this process is called "transcription") and the RNA goes out to the cytoplasm where ribosomes read the code (in the RNA) and make the protein (this process is called "translation").

Then you have a protein which serves some useful function in the cell.

Enzymes are proteins and are made in this manner as well.

Answer 2

DNA nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. They are the monomers that make up DNA. These strands have directionality with a phosphate group on the 5' end and a hydroxyl group on the 3' end. Individual nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The sequence of these nucleotides encode strands of mRNA (transcription) and the mRNA will then encode strands of amino acids (translation).

In general, a DNA polymerase reads a template strand of DNA in the 3' to 5' direction and adds the bases to the new strand in the 5' to 3' direction - catalyzing a reaction between the 3' OH group from the previous nucleotide and the 5' PO4 from the next nucleotide.
These bases are added so that they are complementary to the template strand. A binds to T, C binds to G [Chargaff's rules]
DNA Polymerase needs a short primer to get started. This primer is usually made of RNA and so this process involves an RNA polymerase as well.

Answer 3

umm, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine? urical instead of thymine in RNA, but that's extra info. so A, adenine, pairs with T and G with C. ALWAYS. C and T are pyrimidines while A and G are purines. G and C bind in a DNA strand with three hydrogen bonds while A and T bind with two. So pyrimidines always bind to purines right? This makes the shape of a DNA straight, yet still allows for many combinations to line up. Look up Chufflaff. Or someone like that. He figured out which ones pair up with which. The nucleotide bases are covalently bonded to the phosphate sides of a DNA strand.

Answer 4

A nucleotide is a chemical compound that consists of 3 portions: a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. In the most common nucleotides the base is a derivative of purine or pyrimidine, and the sugar is the pentose (five-carbon sugar) deoxyribose or ribose. Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, with three or more bonding together in order to form a nucleic acid.

Nucleotides are the structural units of RNA, DNA, and several cofactors - CoA, FAD, FMN, NAD, and NADP. In the cell they have important roles in energy production, metabolism, and signaling.