Other than the United States Supreme Court, who established all federal courts?

Question

Congress
The Constitution
The States
Presidential Executive Order

Answer 1

congress

Answer 2

Congress. Article III Section 1 paragraph 1 of the Constitution states; " The judicial Power if the United States, shall be vest in one supreme Court and in such Inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."

Answer 3

The courts cannot establish themselves, so the answer is the Constitution.

It is the Constitution of the United States which laid out the three branches of the Government: Congressional, Judicial and Executive. One branch cannot have created the other.