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2007-05-09 18:40:23 · 3 answers · asked by mitsuki 1 in Science & Mathematics Biology

3 answers

The spermatophytes (from the Greek word "Σπερματόφυτα") (also known as phanerogams) comprise those plants that produce seeds. They are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. The living spermatophytes form five groups:

cycads, a subtropical and tropical group of plants with a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk,
Ginkgo, a single species of tree,
conifers, cone-bearing trees and shrubs,
gnetae, woody plants in the genera Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra, and
angiosperms, the flowering plants, a large group including many familiar plants in a wide variety of habitats.

[edit] Relationships and nomenclature
Seed-bearing plants were traditionally divided into angiosperms, or flowering plants, and gymnosperms, which includes the gnetae, cycads, ginkgo, and conifers. Angiosperms are now thought to have evolved from a gymnosperm ancestor, which would make gymnosperms a paraphyletic group if it includes extinct taxa. Although not a monophyletic taxonomic unit, "gymnosperm" is still widely used to distinguish the four taxa of non-flowering, seed-bearing plants from the angiosperms.

Molecular phylogenies have conflicted with morphologically-based evidence as to whether extant gymnosperms comprise a monophyletic group. Some morphological data suggests that the Gnetophytes are the sister-group to angiosperms, but molecular phylogenies have generally shown a gymnosperm clade that includes the Gnetophytes as sister-group to the conifers.

A traditional classification grouped put all the seed plants in a single division, with classes for our five groups:

Division Spermatophyta
Cycadopsida, the cycads
Ginkgoopsida, the ginkgo
Pinopsida, the conifers, ("Coniferopsida")
Gnetopsida, the gnetae
Magnoliopsida, the flowering plants, or Angiospermopsida
In addition to the taxa listed above, the fossil record contains evidence of many extinct taxa of seed plants. The so-called "seed ferns" (Pteridospermae) were one of the earliest successful groups of land plants, and forests dominated by seed ferns were prevalent in the late Paleozoic. Glossopteris was the most prominent tree genus in the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana during the Permian period. By the Triassic period, seed ferns had declined in ecological importance, and representatives of modern gymnosperm groups were abundant and dominant through the end of the Cretaceous, when angiosperms radiated.

A more modern classification ranks these groups as separate divisions (sometimes under the Superdivision Spermatophyta):

Cycadophyta, the cycads
Ginkgophyta, the ginkgo
Pinophyta, the conifers
Gnetophyta, the gnetae
Magnoliophyta, the flowering plants

2007-05-09 19:52:59 · answer #1 · answered by wierdos!!! 4 · 1 0

I really wish folks would cite their sources..... :(

*ahem*
The major vegetative body of spermatophytes belong in the sporophyte generation (see: most plants with which folks are familiar). The gametophyte generation still occurs, but it is not so obvious.

...Unlike moss, for instance, in which the gametophyte generation is prominent.

2007-05-09 20:43:23 · answer #2 · answered by BotanyDave 5 · 1 0

spermatophytes were originally classified as a subgroup of Spermatophyta.
That is no longer the case.
They have since been taxonomically updated,..... and they are now classified as a SEED PLANT.
Spermatophytes also include Angiosperms and Gymnosperms......

2007-05-09 19:57:31 · answer #3 · answered by peanut 5 · 0 0

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