Famous Americans 1510-1916?

Question

What are some Famous Americans that lived between 1510 and 1916?

What did they do?

Thanks,Eniram

Answer 1

Your question covers over 400 years of history!! Ridiculous. Further, you should do your own research and not ask others to do it for you.

Chow!!

Answer 2

Thomas Alva Edison
1847 - 1931
American Inventor
Edison first learned how to operate a telegraph while selling newspapers as a young boy at railroad stations. In New York City in 1869, as a supervisor in a stock-ticker firm, he made improvements on the stock-ticker. Later he opened his own laboratory in Newark, N.J., where he made important improvements in telegraphy and on the typewriter, and invented the carbon transmitter that made Alexander Bell's telephone practical.
Ernest Hemingway
1899 - 1961
American Author
Hemingway was a novelist and short-story writer who wrote in a virile and extrovert style. His literary work is distinguished for his concise stylistic purity, emotional veracity and dramatic vision.
Thomas Jefferson
1743 - 1826
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States.
Jefferson was born in Albermarle County, Virginia. As a delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775--77), Jefferson was the principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence. He held that all men were created equal, and he cherished liberty in every form. He was also largely responsible for the guarantees of freedom of speech, press and religion in the Constitution. (But there is no denying that he retained about 150 slaves, treating them as property; he could accept this along with his high ideals because he regarded Africans as inferior beings.)
George Washington
1732 - 1799
First US President
Washington has been called the father of the United States. Rather than becoming a king he initiated a peaceful transfer of power on the end of his second term as President.
Abraham Lincoln
1809 - 1865
U.S. President
President Lincoln fought a war to hold the Union together. Without him two hostile nations would have emerged sharing the same continent.
F. D. Roosevelt
1882 - 1945
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the US.
Joseph Stalin
1879 - 1953
Statesman USSR
Born in Gori, Georgia, Stalin studied briefly at the Tiflis Orthodox Theological Seminary. Later he became active in the revolutionary underground, and was twice exiled to Siberia. After the October Revolution in 1917 he became people's commissar for nationalities in the first Soviet government. In 1922 he became general secretary of the Party Central Committee, a powerful post which enabled him to gradually isolate and destroy his political rivals after Lenins death. In the 1930's Stalin became virtual dictator of the USSR.

Answer 3

The top 25 Presidents of the US and Harriet Tubman

Answer 4

Pocohontas
Matoaka
Lady Rebecca Rolfe
Pocahontas was an Powhatan Indian.

Her father was Chief of many Indian tribes.

Pocahontas met the first Jamestown colonists.

She took food to the colonists when they were hungry.

Pocahontas was known for her courage and kindness.

Pocahontas went to England.

She got sick and died on her way home.

George Washington is the Father of our Country.

In 1735, George Washington was born on a farm in Virginia. He learned to be honest. He grew up on Virginia farms and plantations. George married Martha when he was 27. George became the stepfather to Martha's two sons. George and Martha had many grandchildren.

George Washington was a pioneer farmer. He tried new ideas in farming. He built a barn with sixteen sides for his animals. His plantation was called Mount Vernon.

George Washington was a soldier. He made maps for the British Army. Washington volunteered to lead the armies of the colonists against the British Army. General Washington and his troops spent a bitter winter at Valley Forge. General Washington defeated the British Army at Yorktown and the colonists won the Revolutionary War.

After the colonies were free from England, George Washington helped build the new government. He didn't want the new country to have a king. He wanted the people to choose their own leaders. He wanted the leadership to change after eight years.

George Washington was elected the First President of the United States. Martha Washington was called the First Lady because she was the wife of the President. The love of Americans for George Washington is shown in his formal portrait and in a gallery of portraits of George and Martha.

After two elections and eight years, George Washington said it was time to end his presidency. He wanted someone else to be elected President. After John Adams was elected, George Washington retired to Mount Vernon.

George Washington was known for his virtues. He did not waste anything. He was not afraid to do what he thought was right.
Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)
Author of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson grew up on a plantation in Virginia.

He went to college and became a lawyer.

Thomas Jefferson was named to the legislature in Virginia.

Thomas Jefferson believed in individual liberties.

He wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd President of the US.

He bought the Louisiana Territory from France.

Thomas Jefferson retired to live at Monticello.

He built the University of Virginia.




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Netlinks for Thomas Jefferson
The Louisiana Purchase

The Presidential Biography: Thomas Jefferson

The Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress

Monticello, The home of Thomas Jefferson

PBS: Thomas Jefferson, a film by Ken Burns

Quotations from Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson: Digital Archives

Thomas Jefferson Memorial in Washington, DC

Ames Lab Biography: Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
(1751-1836)
James Madison grew up on a plantation in Viginia.

He went to college and became a lawyer.

James Madison signed the Declaration of Independence.

He helped get the new government started.

James Madison became the 4th President.

He was president during the War of 1812.

James Madison outlived all the other signers of the Declaration of Independence.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------homas "Stonewall" Jackson
(1824 - 1863)

Stonewall Jackson was born in Clarksburg, Virginia which is now in West Virginia.

He went to West Point and became a soldier.

He was a good soldier and won many victories.

He was a hero in the Mexican War.

Stonewall Jackson joined the Confederate Army.

He won many victories.

Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot by his own troops.

He died of his wounds at Fredericksburg.

Robert E. Lee
(1807-1870)

The "Lost Cause"

Robert E. Lee grew up in Viginia.

He went to West Point and became a soldier.

Robert E. Lee was a good soldier and won many battles.

When the South seceded, Robert E. Lee resigned from the US Army.

He joined the Confederate Army.

Robert E. Lee was put in charge of the Confederate Army.

He won many battles, but he lost the war.

Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox in 1865.

After the war he became the President of Washington College.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts
(1809 - 1876)



Joseph Jenkins Roberts was born in Norfolk, Virginia.

Unlike most African Americans at the time, Roberts was born free. He was not a slave.

Roberts learned the shipping business from his father.

After his father's death, Roberts' family moved to Liberia in Africa.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts was a successful businessman in the new colony.

Roberts became governor of the colony.

When the colony became a nation, Roberts was elected the first president.

Several years later, Roberts was elected to serve another term as president.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts died in office
James Monroe

On New Year's Day, 1825, at the last of his annual White House receptions, President James Monroe made a pleasing impression upon a Virginia lady who shook his hand:

"He is tall and well formed. His dress plain and in the old style.... His manner was quiet and dignified. From the frank, honest expression of his eye ... I think he well deserves the encomium passed upon him by the great Jefferson, who said, 'Monroe was so honest that if you turned his soul inside out there would not be a spot on it.' "

Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758, Monroe attended the College of William and Mary, fought with distinction in the Continental Army, and practiced law in Fredericksburg, Virginia.





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As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution, and in 1790, an advocate of Jeffersonian policies, was elected United States Senator. As Minister to France in 1794-1796, he displayed strong sympathies for the French cause; later, with Robert R. Livingston, he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.

His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816. With little Federalist opposition, he easily won re-election in 1820.

Monroe made unusually strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as Secretary of War, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams, as Secretary of State. Only Henry Clay's refusal kept Monroe from adding an outstanding Westerner.

Early in his administration, Monroe undertook a goodwill tour. At Boston, his visit was hailed as the beginning of an "Era of Good Feelings." Unfortunately these "good feelings" did not endure, although Monroe, his popularity undiminished, followed nationalist policies.

Across the facade of nationalism, ugly sectional cracks appeared. A painful economic depression undoubtedly increased the dismay of the people of the Missouri Territory in 1819 when their application for admission to the Union as a slave state failed. An amended bill for gradually eliminating slavery in Missouri precipitated two years of bitter debate in Congress.

The Missouri Compromise bill resolved the struggle, pairing Missouri as a slave state with Maine, a free state, and barring slavery north and west of Missouri forever.

In foreign affairs Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears his name, responding to the threat that the more conservative governments in Europe might try to aid Spain in winning back her former Latin American colonies. Monroe did not begin formally to recognize the young sister republics until 1822, after ascertaining that Congress would vote appropriations for diplomatic missions. He and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams wished to avoid trouble with Spain until it had ceded the Floridas, as was done in 1821.

Great Britain, with its powerful navy, also opposed reconquest of Latin America and suggested that the United States join in proclaiming "hands off." Ex-Presidents Jefferson and Madison counseled Monroe to accept the offer, but Secretary Adams advised, "It would be more candid ... to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a cock-boat in the wake of the British man-of-war."

Monroe accepted Adams's advice. Not only must Latin America be left alone, he warned, but also Russia must not encroach southward on the Pacific coast. ". . . the American continents," he stated, "by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European Power." Some 20 years after Monroe died in 1831, this became known as the Monroe Doctrine.
Woodrow Wilson

Like Roosevelt before him, Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the personal representative of the people. "No one but the President," he said, "seems to be expected ... to look out for the general interests of the country." He developed a program of progressive reform and asserted international leadership in building a new world order. In 1917 he proclaimed American entrance into World War I a crusade to make the world "safe for democracy."

Wilson had seen the frightfulness of war. He was born in Virginia in 1856, the son of a Presbyterian minister who during the Civil War was a pastor in Augusta, Georgia, and during Reconstruction a professor in the charred city of Columbia, South Carolina.

After graduation from Princeton (then the College of New Jersey) and the University of Virginia Law School, Wilson earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University and entered upon an academic career. In 1885 he married Ellen Louise Axson.





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Wilson advanced rapidly as a conservative young professor of political science and became president of Princeton in 1902.

His growing national reputation led some conservative Democrats to consider him Presidential timber. First they persuaded him to run for Governor of New Jersey in 1910. In the campaign he asserted his independence of the conservatives and of the machine that had nominated him, endorsing a progressive platform, which he pursued as governor.

He was nominated for President at the 1912 Democratic Convention and campaigned on a program called the New Freedom, which stressed individualism and states' rights. In the three-way election he received only 42 percent of the popular vote but an overwhelming electoral vote.

Wilson maneuvered through Congress three major pieces of legislation. The first was a lower tariff, the Underwood Act; attached to the measure was a graduated Federal income tax. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act provided the Nation with the more elastic money supply it badly needed. In 1914 antitrust legislation established a Federal Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business practices.

Another burst of legislation followed in 1916. One new law prohibited child labor; another limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day. By virtue of this legislation and the slogan "he kept us out of war," Wilson narrowly won re-election.

But after the election Wilson concluded that America could not remain neutral in the World War. On April 2,1917, he asked Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.

Massive American effort slowly tipped the balance in favor of the Allies. Wilson went before Congress in January 1918, to enunciate American war aims--the Fourteen Points, the last of which would establish "A general association of nations...affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."

After the Germans signed the Armistice in November 1918, Wilson went to Paris to try to build an enduring peace. He later presented to the Senate the Versailles Treaty, containing the Covenant of the League of Nations, and asked, "Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world?"

But the election of 1918 had shifted the balance in Congress to the Republicans. By seven votes the Versailles Treaty failed in the Senate.

The President, against the warnings of his doctors, had made a national tour to mobilize public sentiment for the treaty. Exhausted, he suffered a stroke and nearly died. Tenderly nursed by his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt, he lived until 1924.

Booker T. Washington was born in a rude slave cabin in Virginia and weaned in the salt mills and coal mines. He had an insatiable hunger for knowledge that led him to memorize a worn copy of a spelling book and, later, to establish Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.

From its opening in 1881, with 30 students in an old church and a dilapidated building, until the present day, the world-renown Tuskegee Institute has been guided by the principles of its distinguished founder. Washington learned the value of industrial education at Hampton Institute, which he used as a model in the building of Tuskegee. He taught his students the dignity and the beauty of labor and that learning a trade was more necessary sometimes than the study of Greek and Latin verbs. "It is at the bottom of life we must begin," he told his students, "and not at the top." At the time of its founder's death in 1915, the Institute had more than 1500 students, almost 200 teachers, more than 100 buildings and thousands of loyal alumni.

In his trips through the North and South to raise money for Tuskegee, Booker T. Washington attained considerable fame as a public speaker and as a spokesman for African-Americans; a role not sought, but richly deserved.

Elected 1955

1867-1934)
Maggie Walker was born in a poor family.

Maggie Walker learned Finance.

Maggie Walker started a bank for African Americans.

She became the first woman president of a bank.

Maggie Walker's bank is now called Consolidated Bank.

It is in Richmond, Virginia

1887 - 1966)
Pay As You Go

Harry Byrd was an apple grower in Winchester, Virginia

He was also publisher of "The Winchester Star".

Harry Byrd was Governor of Virginia 1926-1930.

Harry Byrd did not believe in borrowing money.

He would not borrow money to build roads, highways and bridges.

Harry Byrd ordered Massive Resistance against Integration.

He did not want all people to have the same rights.

Harry Byrd became a United States Senator.

His "Byrd Machine" maintained his policies in Virginia for many years.

Irene Morgan is an African American worman.

When she was a young woman, Irene Morgan got sick.

Irene Morgan was sent to a doctor in Baltimore.

Irene Morgan rode a bus from Virginia to Baltimore.

Irene Morgan was told she had to give her seat to white people.

Irene Morgan refused to give up her seat.

Irene Morgan was arrested.

Irene Morgan asked the Supreme Court to help.

The Supreme Court agreed with Irene Morgan.

The Supreme Court changed the laws.

Irene Morgan led the way for African Americans.

Irene Morgan was given an Award by President Clinton.
Arthur Ashe, Jr. grew up in Richmond, Virginia.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. liked to play tennis.

But he was only allowed to play on playgrounds for African Americans.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. moved to St. Louis to improve his game.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. became a professional tennis player.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. played tennis on courts all around the world.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. was the first African American to play on the Davis Cup Team.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. was the first African American to win the US Open.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. was the first African American to win at Wimbledon in England.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. made many friends all around the world.

Arthur Ashe, Jr. died when he was 49 years old.

Lawrence Douglas Wilder
(1931-Living)
Doug Wilder grew up in Richmond, Virginia.

Doug Wilder became a very good lawyer.

First, he was elected to the Virginia Senate.

Next, Doug Wilder was elected Lieutenant Governor.

Finally, he was elected Governor of Virginia.

He was the first African American elected Governor of any state in the U.S.

Doug Wilder was an excellent Governor.

Doug Wilder was a popular professor at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Doug Wilder is now the mayor of the city of Richmond, Virginia
Elizabeth Griscom Ross
1752-1836

Betsy Ross lived in Philadelphia.

Betsy Ross was a seamstress.

Betsy Ross made flags for George Washington.

Betsy Ross made the first American Flag.

Harriet Ross was born in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820. Her parents were from the Ashanti tribe of West Africa, and they worked as slaves on the Brodas plantation. In addition to producing lumber, Edward Brodas raised slaves to rent and sell. Life was difficult on the plantation, and Harriet was hired out as a laborer by the age of 5.

Harriet did not like to work indoors, and she was routinely beaten by her masters. By her early teens, Harriet was no longer allowed to work indoors and was hired out as a field hand. She was a hard worker but considered defiant and rebellious. When she was 15 years old, Harriet tried to help a runaway slave. The overseer hit her in the head with a lead weight, which put Harriet in a coma. It took months for her to recover, and for the rest of her life, Harriet suffered from blackouts.

In 1844, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. Harriet remained a slave, but she was able to stay in Tubman's cabin at night. Although she was married, Harriet lived in fear of being shipped to the deep South, a virtual death sentence for any slave. In 1849, her fears were realized when the owner of the Brodas plantation died and many of the slaves were scheduled to be sold. After hearing of her fate, Harriet planned to escape that very night. She knew her husband would expose her, so the only person she informed was her sister.

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Harriet made the 90 mile trip to the Mason-Dixon line with the help of contacts along the Underground Railroad. She had to hike through swamps and woodland. Harriet's trip was successful, and she settled in Philadelphia. She worked as a dishwasher and made plans to rescue her family. The next year, Harriet traveled back to Maryland and rescued her sister's family. She then returned to transport her brothers to the North. She went back for her husband, but he had remarried and did not want to follow her. In 1857, Harriet finally returned for her parents and settled them in Auburn, New York.

By this time, Harriet was becoming quite well known and huge rewards were offered for her capture. Harriet was the master of disguise A former master did not even recognize her when they ran into each other on the street. She was nicknamed the "Moses of her people" for leading them to freedom. In all, Harriet made 19 trips on the Underground Railroad and freed more than 300 slaves.

With the arrival of the Civil War, Harriet became a spy for the Union army. She later worked in Washington DC as a government nurse. Although Harriet won admiration from the military, she did not receive a government pension for more than 30 years. At the end of the war, Harriet returned to her parents in Auburn. She was extremely poor and the profits of a book by Sarah Bradford entitled Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman, published in 1869 were a financial great help.

In 1870, Harriet married Nelson Davis, who she had met at a South Carolina army base. They were happily married for 18 years until Davis' death. In 1896, Harriet purchased land to build a home for sick and needy blacks. However, she was unable to raise enough money to build the house and ultimately gave the land to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. The church completed the home in 1908, and Harriet moved there several years later. She spent her last years in the home telling stories of her life to visitors. On March 10, 1913, Harriet died of pneumonia. She was 93 years old.

Harriet Tubman was not afraid to fight for the rights of African-Americans. Her story is one of dedication and inspiration. During her lifetime Harriet was honored by many people. In 1897, her bravery even inspired Queen Victoria to award her a silver medal.
Born in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6, 1860 and graduated from Rockford College in 1882, Jane Addams founded the world famous social settlement Hull-House on Chicago's Near West Side in 1889. From Hull House, where she lived and worked until her death in 1935, Jane Addams built her reputation as the country's most prominent woman through her writing, her settlement work, and her international efforts for world peace.

Around Hull-House, which was located at the corner of Polk and Halsted Streets, immigrants to Chicago crowded into a residential and industrial neighborhood. Italians, Russian and Polish Jews, Irish, Germans, Greeks and Bohemians predominated. Jane Addams and the other residents of the settlement provided services for the neighborhood, such as kindergarten and daycare facilities for children of working mothers, an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. By 1900 Hull House activities had broadened to include the Jane Club (a cooperative residence for working women), the first Little Theater in America, a Labor Museum and a meeting place for trade union groups.

The residents of Hull-House formed an impressive group: Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Dr. Alice Hamilton, Julia Lathrop, Ellen Gates Starr, Sophonisba Breckinridge, and Grace and Edith Abbott among them. From their experiences in the Hull-House neighborhood, the Hull-House residents and their supporters forged a powerful reform movement. Among the projects that they launched were the Immigrants' Protective League, The Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the nation, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic (later called the Institute for Juvenile Research). Through their efforts, the Illinois legislature enacted protective legislation for women and children and in 1903 passed a strong child labor law and an accompanying compulsory education law. With the creation of the Federal Children's Bureau in 1912 and the passage of a federal child labor law in 1916, the Hull-House reformers saw their efforts expanded to the national level.

Jane Addams wrote prolifically on topics related to Hull-House activities, producing eleven books and numerous articles, as well as maintaining an active speaking schedule nationwide and throughout the world. She also played an important role in many local and national organizations. A founder of the Chicago Federation of Settlements in 1894, she also helped to establish the National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers in 1911. She was a leader in the Consumers League and served as the first woman president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections (later the National Conference of Social Work). She was chairman of the Labor Committee of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, vice-president of the Campfire Girls, on the executive board of the National Playground Association, the National Child Labor Committee and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (founded 1909). In addition, she actively supported the campaign for woman suffrage and the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union (1920).

In the early years of the twentieth century Jane Addams became involved in the peace movement, becoming an important advocate of internationalism. This interest grew during the First World War, when she participated in the International Congress of Women at the Hague in 1915. She maintained her pacifist stance after the United States entered the war in 1917, working through the Women's Peace Party, which became the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919. She was the WILPF's first president. As a result of her work, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Jane Addams died in Chicago on May 21, 1935. She was buried in Cedarville, her childhood home.
In Order by Date

18th Century
Martha Dandridge Custis Washington
Abigail Smith Adams

19th Century
Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson
Dolley Payne Todd Madison
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe
Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams
Rachel Donelson Jackson
Hannah Hoes Van Buren
Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison
Letitia Christian Tyler
Julia Gardiner Tyler
Sarah Childress Polk
Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor
Abigail Powers Fillmore
Jane Means Appleton Pierce
Harriet Lane
Mary Todd Lincoln
Eliza McCardle Johnson
Julia Dent Grant
Lucy Ware Webb Hayes
Lucretia Rudolph Garfield
Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur
Frances Folsom Cleveland
Caroline Lavina Scott Harrison
Frances Folsom Cleveland
Ida Saxton McKinley

20th Century
Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt
Helen Herron Taft
Ellen Louise Axson Wilson
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson
Florence Kling Harding
Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge
Lou Henry Hoover
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman
Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy
Claudia Taylor Johnson
Patricia Ryan Nixon
Elizabeth Bloomer Ford
Rosalynn Smith Carter
Nancy Davis Reagan
Barbara Pierce Bush
Hillary Rodham Clinton

21st Century
Laura Welch Bush



The First Lady biographies presented here
are from the book The First Ladies
written by Margaret Brown Klapthor and
Allida Black (contributing author),
published by the White House Historical Association
with the cooperation of the
National Geographic Society.
Not For Ourselves Alone"
Susan B. Anthony talked to women around American.

Susan B. Anthony said women should be allowed to vote.

Susan B. Anthony was arrested when she tried to vote.

After Susan B. Anthony died, women were given the right to vote.

Susan Anthony was known for her courage
Helen Keller
(1880-1968)

Helen Keller got sick when she was very young.

When Helen got well, she couldn't see or hear anymore.

Helen's parents found a good teacher for Helen.

Anne Sullivan taught Helen to understand words written on her hand.

Anne Sullivan taught Helen to talk.

Helen went to college and learned many things.

Helen traveled around the world to tell people how she had learned.

Helen Keller met many famous people.

Rosa Parks grew up in Alabama.

She grew up in fear of the Ku Klux Klan.

Rosa Parks was angry that African-Americans did not have equal civil rights.

The law said that African-Americans had to give their bus seats to any white persons.

One day Rosa Parks refused to obey that law.

She was arrested and told to pay a fine.

Rosa Parks appealed the decision.

The Supreme Court said segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional.

The Supreme Court agreed that Rosa Parks should not give up her bus seat.

The Supreme Court said that the law was unjust.
Wow!

Dr. Ride applied to the astronaut program after reading an ad in a newspaper. More than 8,000 men and women applied to the space program that year. Of the 35 individuals accepted, six were women. One was Sally Ride.



Sally Ride was born on May 26, 1951 in Los Angeles, California. As a young girl, she wanted to become a professional tennis player and, at one time, was a ranked player on the junior tennis circuit. She attended Stanford University where she earned four degrees. Dr. Ride has a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics. She also has a Masters degree in Physics and a Ph.D. in Physics. She was accepted into the astronaut corps in 1978 and completed her training as a mission specialist in 1979. On June 18,1983 she became the first American woman to orbit Earth when she flew aboard Space Shuttle Challenger. Her second flight was also aboard Challenger in 1984. Dr. Ride was a member of the team chosen to investigate the explosion of Challenger in 1986. She left the astronaut corps in 1987 to join the faculty of Stanford University, her alma mater. Dr. Ride was, and is, concerned about the lack of women scientists and engineers. Her decision to return to Stanford University was evidence of her commitment to finding a solution to the problem. Since 1989, Dr. Ride has been on the faculty of the University of California at San Diego, where she also heads the California Space Institute. She is currently on leave from the univerity and is directing Sally Ride Science, a company that creates fun science experiences for young learners.
Dr. Mae C. Jemison blasted into orbit aboard the space shuttle Endeavor on September 12, 1992, the first woman of color to go into space. This historic event was only one of a series of accomplishments for this dynamic African-American women.
Dr. Jemison was Science Mission Specialist (a NASA first) on the STS-47 Space lab J flight, a US/Japan joint mission. She conducted experiments in life sciences, material sciences, and was co-investigator in the Bone Cell Research experiment. Dr. Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993.

Chemical engineer, scientist, physician, teacher and astronaut, she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, and medical research. In addition to her extensive background in science, she is well-versed in African and African-American Studies and is trained in dance and choreography.

Dr. Jemison, the youngest of three children, was born in Decatur, Alabama and raised in Chicago, Illinois. She has always followed her dreams, undaunted by a lack of role models in her fields of endeavor or roadblocks to women and minorities. She is committed to ensuring that science and technology fields represent the full gender, ethnic and social diversity of this United States and encourages all people, especially women and minorities, to pursue careers in science and any other fields of their choice.

At 16, she entered Stanford University on scholarship where she graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering and fulfilled the requirements for an A.B. in African and Afro-American Studies. She attended Cornell Medical College where she earned her Doctorate in Medicine in 1981. In medical school, her interest and knowledge of Third World countries evolved into a commitment to effectively contribute. She traveled to Cuba, rural Kenya, and spent a medical clerkship in Thailand at a Cambodian Refugee Camp. She completed her internship at Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center in 1982.

Prior to joining the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1987, she worked as a General Practitioner in Los Angeles and then spent two and a half years (1983-85) as an Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. Returning to Los Angeles, she resumed her medical practice working with CIGNA Health Plans of California.

An advocate of science and technology, Dr. Jemison's focus is on improving the status, quality and image of the scientist. She offers something new and innovative to the scientific arena: a blend of social and "hard" sciences. When she resigned from NASA in March 1993, Dr. Jemison founded The Jemison Group, Inc., located in Houston, TX, to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and economic context of the individual, especially for the developing world. Current projects include: Alpha (TM), a satellite-based telecommunication system to improve health care in West Africa; and The Earth We Share (TM), an international science camp for students ages 12 to 16 that utilizes an experiential curriculum

Geronimo
John_Paul_Jones

Patrick Henry
Banneker

Presidents by Name Presidents by Date View Flash Version

Adams, John
1797-1801 Adams, John Quincy
1825-29 Arthur, Chester
1881-85 Buchanan, James
1857-61 Bush, George H.W.
1989-93 Bush, George W.
2001- Carter, Jimmy
1977-81 Cleveland, Grover
1885-89, 1893-97 Clinton, William J.
1993-2001 Coolidge, Calvin
1923-29 Eisenhower, Dwight
1953-61 Fillmore, Millard
1850-53 Ford, Gerald
1974-77 Garfield, James
1881 Grant, Ulysses S.
1869-77 Harding, Warren
1921-23 Harrison, Benjamin
1889-93 Harrison, William Henry
1841 Hayes, Rutherford B.
1877-81 Hoover, Herbert
1929-33 Jackson, Andrew
1829-37 Jefferson, Thomas
1801-09 Johnson, Lyndon
1963-69 Johnson, Andrew
1865-69 Kennedy, John F.
1961-63 Lincoln, Abraham
1861-65 Madison, James
1809-17 McKinley, William
1897-1901 Monroe, James
1817-25 Nixon, Richard
1969-74 Pierce, Franklin
1853-57 Polk, James
1845-49 Reagan, Ronald
1981-89 Roosevelt, Theodore
1901-09 Roosevelt, Franklin D.
1933-45 Taft, William H.
1909-13 Taylor, Zachary
1849-50 Truman, Harry S
1945-53 Tyler, John
1841-45 Van Buren, Martin
1837-41 Washington, George