Which of these are more polar? Why?

Question

Which of these are most polar (list them in increasing polarity)?

Ketone vs Carboxylic Acids vs Aldehydes vs Esters

Amines vs Amides

How would one figure out the relative level of polarity between these compounds?

How can I figure out whether the O=C ketone compounds are more/less polar than say for example, the O=C-OH carboxylic acids?

To confused!,

I see what you're saying about electronegativity. So with Ketones, the carbon is attached to 2 other carbons and a double bonded O, and the C-C bonds have virtually no EN difference.

With Aldehydes, the carbon is attached to one more carbon, 1 H, and a double bonded O. The C-C bond still has no EN difference, but now you have the C=O bond AND C-H bond.

With

With acid, you've got O=C-OH

and esters O=C-O

..but how did you figure out that esters are more electronegative than acids?

Answer 1

compounds having higher electronegativity difference between elements, are more polar..
In the carbonyl group of ketone, the carbonyl carbon is attached to 2 other C, which are not that electronegative.. but in the carbonyl group of acid, the carbonyl carbon is attached to oxygen atom, which is highly electronegative, so it increases the intensity of positive charge on the carbonyl carbon, thus increasing the electronegativity difference bw C and O of the carbonyl group.
Considering similarly ur answers r:-
ketone among amines n amides, if u see, the bonds r different as the carbonyl group in amides interferes.. so u can compare individual bonds' polarity.

Answer 2

Ketones - 1 x O in the middle
Esters - 2 x O in the middle
Aldehydes - 1 x O at the end
Carboxylic acids - 2 x O at the end - the most polar.

Amines - NH2 at the end
Amides - O and NH2 at the end - more polar.