Gallipoli Campaign?

Question

Who were some famous people? e.g. John Simpson Kirkpatrick
What were some famous places? e.g. Anzac Cove

Thanks in advance.

I am not asking for more details about John Simpson Kirkpatrick or Anzac Cove... I am asking for other examples.

Answer 1

General Sir William Birdwood
Lord Kitchener
Mustafa Kemal
Liman Von Sanders
Enver Pasha
General Sir Ian Hamilton
General Hunter Weston
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Cape Hellas
Suvla Plain
Sari Bair
Lala Baba Hill
Lone Pine
Monash Valley

Answer 2

I am not sure what you really need, they landed in one place. But here are some sites:

http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWgallipoli.htm
http://www.iit.edu/~agunsal/canakkale/canwar.html
http://users.netconnect.com.au/~ianmac/gallipol.html
http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-battles/ww1/anzac/gallipoli.htm

Answer 3

John Simpson Kirkpatrick (July 6, 1892 – May 19, 1915), also known as Jack Simpson, was a stretcher bearer with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps at Gallipoli during World War I. He landed at Anzac Cove on April 25, 1915 and, on that first night, took a donkey and began carrying wounded from the battle line to the beach for evacuation. He continued this work for three and a half weeks, often under fire, until he was killed. Today Simpson and his Donkey is an Anzac legend.Kirkpatrick is probably the best known soldier of the First Australian Imperial Force, although he was not a fighting man nor an Australian. Born in South Shields, County Durham in 1892, he left home in 1909 to work as a stoker and steward on merchant ships. On May 13, 1910 he jumped ship in Australia and found work as a coal miner. He spent periods stevedoring, working on the Manly ferries in Sydney, and stoking on ships travelling between the Australian ports, going wherever there was work and always sending money home to his family, as he was the only son.

At the outbreak of war, he jumped ship again in Fremantle and enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps as a stretcher bearer under the name of "Jack Simpson". Kirkpatrick's intention was to get free passage back to England but his plans were upset, much to his disgust, when the AIF stopped in Egypt, first for training and then for the invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula. The Australians, mistaking his Geordie accent for Irish, nicknamed him "Murphy".


Simpson and donkey statue by Wallace Anderson outside the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.Kirkpatrick enlisted as "No. 202 Private Jack Simpson" with C Section, Australian 3rd Field Ambulance, which was the medical unit attached to the Australian 3rd Brigade that provided the covering force, first ashore, at Gallipoli. The 3rd Field Ambulance travelled to Gallipoli aboard RMT Devanha and transferred to Royal Navy destroyer HMS Ribble for the landing. Kirkpatrick went ashore with his bearer section of four men but was the only one to reach the beach unscathed. Without the rest of his section, he began operating as an independent unit, which was accepted by the commander of the 3rd Field Ambulance. Kirkpatrick took over a donkey, which he named variously "Duffy", "Murphy" and "Abdul", that had been landed for one of the field artillery units. Leading this donkey, he began his journeys from the beach, up Shrapnel Gully and then Monash Valley. On his way up he would carry water, on the way back wounded, particularly those with leg wounds. At night he camped with an Indian field ambulance unit near the beach.


Simpson's grave at Beach Cemetery, Gallipoli.There was literally nowhere at Anzac that was safe from Turkish fire and Monash Valley was particularly bad as the Turks held the heights at the end of the valley and could fire down its length. On the morning of May 19, the day after a major Turkish attack had been repulsed, Kirkpatrick began his usual routine. He was returning down Monash Valley with two wounded men when he was killed instantly by machine gun fire near Steele's Post, the two men he was carrying being hit also. John Simpson Kirkpatrick is buried in Beach Cemetery at Anzac Cove.

Kirkpatrick was Mentioned in Despatches for "gallant and distinguished service in the field".


[edit] Iconic Status
The Simpson legend grew largely from an account of his actions published in the 1916 book Glorious Deeds of Australasians in the Great War. The book was extremely jingoistic in its nature and its stories of Simpson rescuing around 300 men and making dashes into no-man’s land to carry wounded on his back cannot be supported. (For example, transporting that many men down to the beach in the four weeks Simpson was alive at Gallipoli would have been a physical impossibility given the time the journey took.[1]) However, the information presented in the book slowly became accepted fact and has been quoted, sometimes uncritically, in subsequent books on Simpson. This has further obscured the line between fact and myth in regards to the man and the growth of his legend has contributed to the campaigns that seek to have him posthumously decorated.

Such is his iconic status, separating the legend of Simpson from the reality of his service is extremely difficult. The very few contemporary accounts of him at Gallipoli speak of his bravery and invaluable service in bringing wounded down from the heights above Anzac Cove via Shrapnel or Monash Gully. Technically, he should have been serving as a stretcher bearer under the command of his unit. Instead, after his other section members were wounded during the landing, Simpson did not report in for further orders, but operated independently and without official sanction. His donkey service removed him from the much more dangerous and arduous work of hauling seriously wounded men back from the front lines on a stretcher.


[edit] The Victoria Cross campaign
There have been several petitions over the decades to have Simpson's Mention in Despatches upgraded to the award of a Victoria Cross or an Australian Victoria Cross. The reasoning behind this is the mistaken assumption that he was, at the time, recommended for a VC, but that this recommendation was either refused or mishandled by the bureaucracy. However, there is no documentary evidence that such a recommendation was made at the time through official channels. The case for Simpson being retrospectively awarded a VC is based upon a handful of diary entries attesting to his activities at Gallipoli. These include two from his Commanding Officer that express the hope Simpson would receive either a Distinguished Conduct Medal or Victoria Cross. However, these personal hopes were never manifested in any formal application for either of these medals and Simpson’s Mention in Despatches was certainly consistent with the recognition given to other men who performed the same role at Gallipoli.

It is apparent that many who saw his work felt he was deserving of the highest awards.

Sergeant J.E. McPhee, 4th Field Ambulance, recorded in his personal diary on May 10th, 1915:

"Simpson ... doing great work, bringing wounded from the trenches, dressing stations etc. on a little donkey .. Deserves V.C.. During the first push he brought a couple of men from beyond the firing line. Works by himself."
Padre George Green, who lead Simpson's burial service, later said :

"If ever there a man deserve the Victoria Cross it was Simpson. I often remember now the scene I saw frequently in Shrapnel Gully of that cheerful soul calmly walking down the gully with a Red Cross armlet tied round the donkey's head. That gully was under direct fire from the enemy almost all the time."
The offical Australian War Historian, C.E.W. Bean wrote: "Simpson escaped death so many times that he was completely fatalistic; the deadly sniping down the valley and the most furious shrapnel fire never stopped him... He carried many scores of men down the valley, and had saved many lives, at the cost of his own." Colonel Monash fully recognised the value of Jack’s self-imposed role, stating that "Simpson was worth a hundred men to me."[citation needed]

Jack was recommended for the Victoria Cross, officially, through his unit, on June 3rd 1915.[citation needed] He was also recommended for the highest military honours by Colonel Monash.[citation needed] Monash, commander of the 4th Brigade at the time (where Jack was operating), an eye-witness to his activities sent in a lengthy submission to Australian and New Zealand Divisional Headquarters on May 20th, the day after Jack had been killed.

I desire to bring under special notice, for favour of transmission to the proper authority, the case of Private Simpson, stated to belong to C Section of the 3rd Field Ambulance. This man has been working in this valley since 26th April, in collecting wounded, and carrying them to dressing stations. He had a small donkey which he used, to carry all cases unable to walk. Private Simpson and his little beast earned the admiration of everyone at the upper end of the valley. They worked all day and night throughout the whole period since the landing, and the help rendered to the wounded was invaluable. Simpson knew no fear and moved unconcernedly amid shrapnel and rifle fire, steadily carrying out his self-imposed task day by day, and he frequently earned the applause of the personnel for his many fearless rescues of wounded men from areas subject to rifle and shrapnel fire.
After Simpson’s death Lt-Col. Sutton wrote in his diary:

May 19 - "Attended funeral of poor Simpson."
May 24 - "I sent in a report about No. 202 Pte. Simpson J., of C Section, shot on duty May 19th. He was a splendid fellow and went up the gullies day and night bringing down the wounded on donkeys. I hope he will be awarded the D.C.M."
June 1st - "I think we will get a V.C. for poor Simpson."
June 4th - "I have been writing up poor Simpson’s case with a view to getting some honour for him. It is difficult to get evidence of any one act to justify the V.C. the fact is he did so many."
There is a clue here to one of the reasons that has been proposed, why Simpson may not have been awarded the V.C. In 1915, the Victoria Cross was awarded for "some signal act of valour, or devotion to country, in the presence of the enemy." Note the use of the word "signal". [Oxford Dictionary: Signal: a,n,v. 1. of marked quality or importance.] As the above diary entry suggests it seems that there may have been some confusion as those that were nominating him were looking for a single ("any one act to justify the V.C.") act.

It has also been suggested that stretcher bearers weren't eligible as it was part of their normal duty. Colonel Neville Howse VC, commander of the Australian Medical Corps, is alleged to have stated openly that no other of the medical corps would win the award whilst he is alive.[citation needed] Howse won his VC in the Boer War, and is the only member of an Australian medical unit to have received the Victoria Cross.

But it was not until August 1916, 15 months after Simpson was killed, that the British High Command issued an official directive to this effect.[citation needed] Furthermore, a British stretcher bearer, Lance Corporal Walter Parker, was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Gallipoli during the night of 30 April/1 May 1915 when he helped rescue wounded men, though seriously wounded himself. He died that night.