How is it possible for the inductor and capacitor voltages to be larger than the imput voltage?

Answer 1

Let's say you had a current flowing through an inductor fed by a 5 volt supply. If you had a switch in series with the inductor and could shut it off very quickly the voltage on the inductor would rise very high. If you had hooked a capacitor across the inductor so that the rising voltage charged the cap when the switch was closed, you would be able to charge the cap to much higher than the original 5 volt supply.