how did people make castles in medieval times? What materials and tools did they use?

Answer 1

They used cranes and scaffolding. The anchor points of the scaffolding is often visible in the finished wall. In order to speed the building process a wall usually consisted of a solid masonry construction built like an open topped box, the gap being filled with rubble.

Originall castles were wooden, and frequently painted to look like stone construction. Early on, in England at least, these castles were merely fortified hill outposts. After the Norman conquest in the 11th century the motte and bailey castle design arrived; this involved a high fortifed hill (often artifically enlarged or even built) surrounded by a wall and ditch. The hill's fortification was also surrounded by the wall encasing the lower level of the castle which housed those not in the lord's family as well as stables and other such things.

Answer 2

In Medieval times the walls were always made out of stone. Actually the walls were double walled and there was a space in between that was filled with rocks, rubble or dirt. This not only provided isolation but also when attacked it absorbed much of the blow of catapults or canon balls.

The roofs were made of slate (flat rock) and the beams holding up the roof and keeping the spacing were made of timbers.

They used everything from horse drawn sleds to pull rocks along the ground to an axe-like tool to shape beams to wheel barrows and pulleys to lift and cart materials. Interestingly enough they did not have a ruler that was used because no agreement had been reached as to how far a foot was or that it should even be called a foot. They used on rod or cane-like stick that measured everything.

Answer 3

They used the best materials they could find in a reasonable distance. For example, in the Low countries they had plenty of water, but almost no stone, so they used wet moats, water castles, and bricks for the curtain walls. In the South of France, the situation was reversed, so many dry moats and walls made of stone.

"Castles were constructed of wood, stone and also brick. A large number of contemporary accounts have survived that explain how castles were built. A large skilled workforce was needed to construct castles, including ditch diggers, stonecutters, masons, carpenters, and engineers. Medieval machines and inventions, such as the treadwheel crane, became indispensible during construction, and techniques of building wooden scaffolding were improved upon from Antiquity. Nevertheless, castles could take many years to complete, although the time needed depended greatly from type, location, resources, time period, construction materials, etc."

"Finding stone was the first concern of medieval builders, and a major preoccupation was to have quarries close at hand. There are famous examples of some castles were stone was quarried on site, such as Chinon, Château de Coucy and Château Gaillard. Yet even without the usual costs of transport, it is estimated that as many as 800 stonemasons would have been used in building Château de Coucy in the early 13th century, as well as perhaps 800 other craftsmen. Beaumaris Castle in Wales, has surviving records from 1295-96 which describe 200 quarrymen, 400 stonemasons and as many as 2000 minor workmen. Castles, not suprisingly were expensive to build, considering workers and materials. For example costs for Beaumaris, only part of a bigger castle program was £14,500 (roughly $20-30 million in today's money)."

"In some cases, transporting stone over large distances was altogether impractical, and in the Low countries, a lack of good building stone meant that castles were generally brick. Brick castles were predominant in Scandinavia and the Baltic." ("Construction" in "Castle", Wikipedia)

Answer 4

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Answer 5

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Answer 10

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