Blood type and alleles?

Question

Ok, so I have a bunch of questions that I am trying to answer about blood types. I understand how to make a pundant square for recessive and dominant alleles, but I am not understanding where this Ii comes in with blood..
Mother has AB blood, father A what kind of children?
Mother has A blood, father has O what kind of children?
2 Children, one B and one O, who are the parents?

I am so confused... And to think I am a college student.. any help would be great!

Two parents, genotypes IAIB and IBi, produce a child. Determine what the probability is that the child may display each of the four ABO blood types?

Answer 1

Ok first of all its important to remember that for each blood type (phenotype) are a symbol (genotype) and this don't seems to other characteristics, so:
Type - - - Genotype
A - - - - AA or Ai
B - - - - BB or Bi
AB - - - - AB
O - - - - ii

In this case "i" is recessive

so mother has AB and father A
this question has two possibilities in genotype:
AB x AA or AB x Ai
combinations:
first one:
50 % AA - type A
50 % AB - type AB
second one:
25% AA - type A
25 % Ai - type A (so 50% type A)
25% AB- type AB
25% Bi - type B

mother has A blood and father O?
again two options:
AA x ii or Ai x ii
combinations:
first one:
100% Ai - type A

second one:
50% Ai - type A
50% ii - type O

2 children one B and one O ?
so children B = BB or Bi
children O = ii

so if they are brothers (from the same father) the parents could be:
BB x ii = one B and one O
or
Bi x ii = one B and one O

Answer 2

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1. The 3 alleles are I^A, I^B, and i. (That is the capital letter I - for isoagglutinogen - with a superscript A, for example ... but I don't think superscripts can be done here). 2. The alleles I^A and I^B are codominant with respect to each other. So if both are present, both are expressed. That is why a person who is I^A I^B has type AB blood. 3. The i allele is recessive. Both I^A and I^B are dominant over the recessive i allele. So I^A i is type A blood, and I^B i is type B blood. ii is type O blood. 4. The 3 alleles are for the same gene, so there is only 1 gene in the human genome that is involved in the A, B, AB, and O blood types; there are just 3 alternate forms (alleles) for that one gene. Each person has two sets of chromosomes - one from the mother and one from the father. So for a single gene, a person has 2 copies of it; one from the mother and one from the father. So a person can have only 2 alleles for a single gene, never more.

Answer 3

I means that it's a dominant; i means it's recessive.

So instead of saying that a person with Type A blood could have the alleles AA or AO, in this system we would say the person could have IAIA or IAi.

So just write IA (where the A is a superscript -- a smaller letter up high like an exponent) or IB for the dominant ones.

The O allele is recessive to both A and B. A and B are codominant with each other. Represent the O allele with i.

Type A blood = IA IA or Ia i
Type B blood = IB IB or IB i
Type AB blood = IA IB
Type O blood = ii

Put them on the Punnett square in the usual way. If a parent is IA i, then on the top of the Punnett square put IA above one column and i above the other column. From there you should be good.

Now for your specific questions. Actually, I could let you think this part of the answer over while I write the rest. So, I'll be editing now.
-------------------------------------------------------
1. Mother is IA IB. Father is IA IA or IA i (You can't tell).
Do you know how to do pedigrees? That might be the easiest way. If you put the parents on the pedigree you can see that a child could get:
IA from Mom and IA from Dad = IA IA = Type A
IA from Mom and i from Dad = IA i = Type A
IB from Mom and IA from Dad = IB IA = Type AB
IB from Mom and i from Dad = IB i = Type B

2. Mother is IA IA or IA i. Father is ii.
Children could be:
IA from Mom and i from Dad = IA i = Type A
i from Mom and i from Dad = ii = Type O
Those are the only possibilities.

3. One child is IB IB or IB i. Other child is ii.
Each parent must have an i to have a child with ii.
So parents are ___ i and ___ i.
One child is Type B, so at least one parent has to have a IB.

Possible parents: IB i and IB i
Also possible parents: IB i and ii

4. Put these parents straight onto a Punnett square.
Gametes from first parent on the side of the square: IA and IB
Gametes from second parent on the top of the square: IB and i
Results in the first row of boxes: IA IB and IA i
These two boxes show Type AB and Type A.

Results in the second row of boxes IB IB and IB i
These two boxes are both Type B.

So the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring is:
1 Type AB: 1 Type A: 2 Type B

Answer 4

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Answer 5

Hey you are in luck! I am a Nursing Student so I have thoroughly read and learned on this topic. Also, I recently became pregnant and discovered I had O negative blood so I had a lot of questions about what mine and my husband's child would be. I found one university website (which is of course credible) that helped me tremendously understand this. If you have any other questions after reading this please just let me know. I would be glad to help. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Human_Bio/problem_sets/blood_types/rh_factor.html

Answer 6

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