differance between missile and rocket(not in their pay load)?

Answer 1

a missile is any projectile propelled through the air with a force. A rocket is a self contained vehicle using some sort of fuel as a propellant. So a rocket is also a missile, but a missile may not be a rocket.

Answer 2

Friend,


Rocket and Missile are not same, they are entirely different.

Rocket = Any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine

Missile= A weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-propelled ( some thing ,a rocket for example must carry it)

Answer 3

Missile: an object or weapon for throwing, hurling, or shooting, as a stone, bullet, or arrow.

Rocket: any of various simple or complex tubelike devices containing combustibles that on being ignited liberate gases whose action propels the tube through the air: used for pyrotechnic effect, signaling, carrying a lifeline, hurling explosives at an enemy, putting a space vehicle into orbit, etc.

Some missiles are rocket powered and some are not.

Answer 4

A rocket need not be a missile which India ia fighting in the Internaational arena. A miisible by difinition is a war head destructive by nature. Though both ar e complementary in nature they are not so in practice and there is a ocean of difference.. A miisile is limited in range compared to rocket,

Answer 5

A missile is a complicated bullet and rocket is a vehicle.

Answer 6

I think their fuel and sizes are different and the range.

Answer 7

MISSILE

The word missile comes from the Latin verb mittere, literally meaning "to send".
Introduction
Rocket-powered missiles are known as rockets if they lack post-launch guidance or missiles or guided missiles if they are able to continue tracking a target after launch. Cruise missiles typically use some form of jet engine for propulsion.

Missiles are often used in warfare as a means of delivering destructive force (usually in the form of an explosive warhead) upon a target. Aside from explosives, other possible types of destructive missile payloads are various forms of chemical or biological agents, nuclear warheads, or simple kinetic energy (where the missile destroys the target by the force of striking it at high speed). Sometimes missiles are used to deliver payloads designed to break infrastructure without the harming of people. For example, in the Persian Gulf War cruise missiles were used to deliver reels of carbon filament to electricity stations and switches, effectively disabling them by forming short circuits.

Missiles which spend most of their trajectory in unpowered flight, and which don't use aerodynamics to alter their course, are known as ballistic missiles (because their motion is largely governed by the laws of ballistics). These are in contrast to cruise missiles, which spend most of their trajectory in powered flight.


[edit] Guided missiles
Missiles that have the ability to maneuver through the air can be guided, and are known as guided missiles. These have three key system components:

tracking
guidance
flight
A tracking system locates the missile's target. This can be either a human gunner aiming a sight on the target (remotely from the missile) or an automatic tracker. Automatic trackers use radiation emanating from the target or emitted from the launch platform and reflecting back to it from the target. Passive automatic trackers use the target's inherent radiation, usually heat or light, but missiles designed to attack Command & Control posts, aircraft or guided missiles may look for radio waves. Active automatic trackers rely on the target being illuminated by radiation. The target can be "painted" with light (sometimes infrared and/or laser) or radio waves (radar) which can be detected by the missile. The radiation for the painting can originate in the missile itself or may come from a remote station (for example, a hilltop gunner can illuminate a target with a laser device and this can be used to direct an air launched guided missile).

A guidance system takes data from the missile's tracking system and flight system and computes a flight path for the missile designed to intercept the target. It produces commands for the flight system.

The flight system causes the missile to maneuver. There are two main systems: vectored thrust (for missiles that are powered throughout the guidance phase of their flight) and aerodynamic maneuvering (wings, fins, canards, etc).

There are some similarities between guided missiles and guided bombs. A guided bomb, dropped from an aircraft, is unpowered and uses aerodynamic fins for forward horizontal maneuvering while falling vertically.

ROCKET

A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving fluid from within a rocket engine.

Rockets are used for fireworks, weaponry, launching artificial satellites, human spaceflight and exploring other planets. While they are inefficient for low speed use, they can reach extremely high speeds particularly when staging is employed.

Rockets have a long and distinguished history going back almost 1000 years that includes manned landings on the moon; and in the 21st century has enabled commercial space tourism.

Operation
In all rockets, the exhaust is formed from propellants carried within the rocket prior to its release. Rocket thrust is due to the rocket engine, which propels the rocket by expelling the exhaust at high speed.



[edit] Types

Saturn V is the biggest rocket to have successfully flownThere are many different types of rockets, and a comprehensive list can be found in rocket engine — they range in size from tiny models such as water rockets or small solid rockets that can be purchased at a hobby store, to the enormous Saturn V used for the Apollo program.

Most current rockets are chemically powered rockets (internal combustion engines) that emit a hot exhaust gas. A chemical rocket engine can use gas propellant (see Space Shuttle's SRBs), solid propellant, liquid propellant (see Space shuttle main engine), or a hybrid mixture of both solid and liquid. A chemical reaction is initiated between the fuel and the oxidizer in the combustion chamber, and the resultant hot gases accelerate out of a nozzle (or nozzles) at the rearward-facing end of the rocket. The acceleration of these gases through the engine exerts force ("thrust") on the combustion chamber and nozzle, propelling the vehicle (in accordance with Newton's Third Law). See rocket engine for details.


Water rockets are flown for recreational purposesNot all rockets use chemical reactions. Steam rockets, for example, release superheated water through a nozzle where it instantly flashes to high velocity steam, propelling the rocket. The efficiency of steam as a rocket propellant is relatively low, but it is simple and reasonably safe, and the propellant is cheap and widely available. Most steam rockets have been used for propelling land-based vehicles but a small steam rocket was tested in 2004 on board the UK-DMC satellite. There are even proposals to use steam rockets for interplanetary transport using either nuclear or solar heating as the power source to vaporize water collected from around the solar system.[1]

Rockets where the heat is supplied from other than the propellant, such as steam rockets, are classed as external combustion engines. Other examples of external combustion rocket engines include most designs for nuclear powered rocket engines. Use of hydrogen as the propellant for external combustion engines gives very high velocities.

Rockets must be used when there is no other substance (land, water, or air) or force (gravity, magnetism, light) that a vehicle may employ for propulsion, such as in space. In these circumstances, it is necessary to carry all the propellant to be used.


[edit] Delta-v

A map of approximate Delta-v's around the solar system between Earth and Mars[2][3]Delta-v is the theoretical total change in velocity that a rocket can achieve without any external interference (without air drag or gravity or other forces).

Due to their high exhaust velocity (Mach ~10+), rockets are particularly useful when very high speeds are required, such as orbital speed (Mach 25+). The speeds that a rocket vehicle can reach can be calculated by the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, which gives the speed difference ("delta-v") in terms of the exhaust speed and ratio of initial mass to final mass ("mass ratio").


Rocket energy efficiency as a function of vehicle speed divided by effective exhaust speed
[edit] Propulsive efficiency
With rockets it is often important that as much of the energy stored in the propellant ends up as kinetic energy of the body of the rocket as possible, with as little as possible wasted in the exhaust jet.

In common with many jet-based engines, but particularly in rockets due to their high and typically fixed exhaust speed, rockets are extremely inefficient at low speeds. There, the exhaust carries away a huge amount of kinetic energy rearward. As speeds rise the resultant exhaust speed goes down, and thus energetic efficiency rises, reaching a peak of (theoretically) 100% when the vehicle is traveling exactly at the same speed that the exhaust is emitted; and then the exhaust in principle stops dead in space behind the vehicle. The efficiency then drops off again at even higher speeds as the exhaust ends up traveling forwards behind the vehicle.[4] These energy considerations mean that rockets are mainly useful when a very high speed is required, and thus they are rarely if ever used for general aviation. Jet engines which have a better match between speed and exhaust velocity such as turbofans predominate for atmospheric use.


[edit] Staging
Main article: Multistage rocket
The mass ratios that can be achieved with a single set of fixed rocket engines and tankage varies depends on acceleration required, construction materials, tank layout, engine type and propellants used, but for example the first stage of the Saturn V was able to achieve a mass ratio of about 10.

Often, the required velocity (delta-v) for a mission is unattainable by any single rocket because the propellant, structure, guidance and engines weigh so much as to prevent the mass ratio from being high enough.


Apollo 6 while dropping the interstage ringThis problem is frequently solved by staging — the rocket sheds excess weight (usually tankage and engines) during launch to reduce its weight and effectively increase its mass ratio.

Typically, the acceleration of a rocket increases with time (if the thrust stays the same) as the weight of the rocket decreases as propellant is burned. Discontinuities in acceleration will occur when stages burn out, often starting at a lower acceleration with each new stage firing.


[edit] Vehicles
Rockets as a group have the highest thrust-to-weight ratio of any type of engine; and this helps vehicles achieve a high mass ratios, which improves the performance of flight.

Common mass ratios for vehicles are 20:1 for dense propellants such as liquid oxygen and kerosene, 25:1 for dense monopropellants such as hydrogen peroxide, and 10:1 for liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. However, mass ratio is highly dependent on many factors such as the type of engine the vehicle uses and structural safety margins.


[edit] History of Rockets

[edit] Origins of rocketry

The earliest rockets were used for fireworksGunpowder was developed in far eastern countries, notably India and China, for display at religious festivals. [5]

From the Hindu books, it appears that the use of fireworks, which are called Vana or Bana, is very ancient. Mention is made in the Ramayana of the Vana or the Rocket of Rama, as one of the principal missiles.[6] In addition, there are references in ancient Hindu literature to smoke balls, suggesting a knowledge of gunpowder.[7]

Vishwamitra, who is represented in the Ramayana as giving different kinds of weapons to Rama, speaks of one as agneya and another as shikhara. Some scholars have interpreted the later as reference to a combustible weapon which might lead to the conclusion that the ancient Hindus were auqainted with gunpowder.Other mentions of fiery weapons have been made in ancient Indian works.[8][9]

Historian H.M. Elliot's note On the Early Use of Gunpowder in India suggests that sulfur, a principal ingredient of gunpowder, was present in the explosives used in the fiery devices mentioned in the Ramayana and Mahabharata.[10] The earliest mythological mention of ceremonial use of fireworks is found in the rituals pertaining to the Ramayana.[11]

The origin of rockets as most people think of them dates back over 2,000 years ago when people of the Han Dynasty in China (206 BC – 220 AD) began experimenting with gunpowder and fireworks. The explosive force of such pyrotechnics were eventually adapted for use in propelling projectiles such as cannon, musket balls and fire arrows. Without pyrotechnics, modern aviation and spaceflight would be impracticable; this is because pyrotechnic devices combine high reliability with very compact and efficient energy storage: essentially in the form of latent hot gases or as a shock wave as in bolt and cable cutters. Such projectiles do not contain their own fuel, and thus do not meet the definition of a rocket. Therefore the use of gunpowder to propel projectiles is a precursor to the development of the first solid rocket.

According to the writings of the Roman Aulus Gellius, in c. 400 BC, a Greek Pythagorean named Archytas, propelled a wooden bird along wires using steam. However, those rockets do not appear to have been powerful enough for taking off under its own thrust. The ancient Chinese invention of gunpowder by Taoist alchemists with special circles, and their use of it in various forms of weapons like fire arrows, bombs, and cannons resulted in the development of the rocket.


[edit] Spread of rocket technology

Genghis Khan's Mongols spread Chinese technologyRocket technology first became known to Europeans following their use by the Mongols Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan when they conquered parts of Russia, Eastern, and Central Europe. The Mongolians had stolen the Chinese technology by conquest of the northern part of China and also by the subsequent employment of Chinese rocketry experts as mercenaries for the Mongol military. Reports of the Battle of Sejo in the year 1241 describe the use of rocket-like weapons by the Mongols against the Magyars.[12]

Additionally, the spread of rockets into Europe was also influenced by the Ottomans at the siege of Constantinople in 1453, although it is very likely that the Ottomans themselves were influenced by the Mongol invasions of the previous few centuries. They appear in literature describing the capture of Baghdad in 1258 by the Mongols.[12]

In their history of rockets published on the internet NASA says “the Arabs adopted the rocket into their own arms inventory and, during the Seventh Crusade, used them against the French Army of King Louis IX in 1268.".[13]

The name Rocket comes from the italian Rocchetta (i.e. little fuse), a name of a small firecracker created by the Italian artificer Muratori in 1379.[14]

For over two centuries, the work of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth nobleman Kazimierz Siemienowicz, "Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima" ("Great Art of Artillery, the First Part". also known as "The Complete Art of Artillery"), was used in Europe as a basic artillery manual. The book provided the standard designs for creating rockets, fireballs, and other pyrotechnic devices. It contained a large chapter on caliber, construction, production and properties of rockets (for both military and civil purposes), including multi-stage rockets, batteries of rockets, and rockets with delta wing stabilizers (instead of the common guiding rods).

At the end of the 18th century, iron-cased rockets were successfully used militarily in India against the British by Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore during the Anglo-Mysore Wars. The British then took an active interest in the technology and developed it further during the 19th century. The major figure in the field at this time was William Congreve. From there, the use of military rockets spread throughout Europe. At the Battle of Baltimore in 1814, the rockets fired on Fort McHenry by the rocket vessel HMS Erebus were the source of the rockets' red glare described by Francis Scott Key in The Star-Spangled Banner. Rockets were also used in the Battle of Waterloo.


The Congreve rocketEarly rockets were very inaccurate. Without the use of spinning or any gimballing of the thrust, they had a strong tendency to veer sharply off course. The early British Congreve rockets reduced this somewhat by attaching a long stick to the end of a rocket (similar to modern bottle rockets) to make it harder for the rocket to change course. The largest of the Congreve rockets was the 32-pound (14.5 kg) Carcass, which had a 15-foot (4.6 m) stick. Originally, sticks were mounted on the side, but this was later changed to mounting in the center of the rocket, reducing drag and enabling the rocket to be more accurately fired from a segment of pipe.

In 1815, Alexander Zasyadko began his work on creating military gunpowder rockets. He constructed rocket-launching platforms, which allowed to fire in salvos (6 rockets at a time), and gun-laying devices. Zasyadko elaborated a tactics for military use of rocket weaponry. In 1820, Zasyadko was appointed head of the Petersburg Armory, Okhtensky Powder Factory, pyrotechnic laboratory and the first Highest Artillery School in Russia. He organized rocket production in a special rocket workshop and created the first rocket sub-unit in the Russian army.

The accuracy problem was mostly solved in 1844 when William Hale modified the rocket design so that thrust was slightly vectored to cause the rocket to spin along its axis of travel like a bullet. The Hale rocket removed the need for a rocket stick, travelled further due to reduced air resistance, and was far more accurate.


Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published the first work on space travelIn 1903, high school mathematics teacher Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) published Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами (The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices), the first serious scientific work on space travel. The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation—the principle that governs rocket propulsion—is named in his honor (although it had been discovered previously[15]). His work was essentially unknown outside the Soviet Union, where it inspired further research, experimentation, and the formation of the Cosmonautics Society. His work was republished in the 1920s in response to Russian interest in the work of Robert Goddard. Among other ideas, Tsiolkovsky accurately proposed to use liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as a nearly optimal propellant pair and determined that building staged and clustered rockets to increase the overall mass efficiency would dramatically increase range.


[edit] Modern rocketry

Robert Goddard and the first liquid-fueled rocket about to discover the Pendulum Rocket Fallacy.Modern rockets were born when Robert Goddard attached a supersonic (de Laval) nozzle to a liquid fuelled rocket engine's combustion chamber. These nozzles turn the hot gas from the combustion chamber into a cooler, hypersonic, highly directed jet of gas; more than doubling the thrust and enormously raising the efficiency. Early rockets had been grossly inefficient because of the heat energy that was wasted in the exhaust gases. In 1920, Goddard published A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, the first serious work on using rockets in space travel after Tsiolkovsky. The work attracted worldwide attention and was both praised and ridiculed, particularly because of its suggestion that a rocket theoretically could reach the Moon. A New York Times editorial famously even accused Goddard of fraud, by incorrectly implying that he knew that rockets would not work in space.


Hermann Oberth (in front) with fellow ABMA employees. Left to right: Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger, Major General Holger Toftoy, Oberth, Dr. Wernher von Braun, and Dr. Robert Lusser.In 1923, Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) published Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen ("The Rocket into Planetary Space"), a version of his doctoral thesis, after the University of Munich rejected it.

In 1926, Robert Goddard launched the world's first liquid-fueled rocket in Auburn, Massachusetts.

During the 1920s, a number of rocket research organizations appeared in America, Austria, Britain, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Germany, and Russia. In the mid-1920s, German scientists had begun experimenting with rockets which used liquid propellants capable of reaching relatively high altitudes and distances. A team of amateur rocket engineers had formed the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (German Rocket Society, or VfR) in 1927, and in 1931 launched a liquid propellant rocket (using oxygen and gasoline).

From 1931 to 1937, the most extensive scientific work on rocket engine design occurred in Leningrad, at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory. Well funded and staffed, over 100 experimental engines were built under the direction of Valentin Glushko. The work included regenerative cooling, hypergolic ignition, and fuel injector designs that included swirling and bi-propellant mixing injectors. However, the work was curtailed by Glushko's arrest during Stalinist purges in 1938. Similar but much less extensive work was also done by the Austrian professor Eugen Sänger.

In 1932, the Reichswehr (which in 1935 became the Wehrmacht) began to take an interest in rocketry. Artillery restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles limited Germany's access to long distance weaponry. Seeing the possibility of using rockets as long-range artillery fire, the Wehrmacht initially funded the VfR team, but seeing that their focus was strictly scientific, created its own research team, with Hermann Oberth as a senior member. At the behest of military leaders, Wernher von Braun, at the time a young aspiring rocket scientist, joined the military (followed by two former VfR members) and developed long-range weapons for use in World War II by Nazi Germany, notably the A-series of rockets, which led to the infamous V-2 rocket (initially called A4).


A German V-2 launch.In 1943, production of the V-2 rocket began. The V-2 had an operational range of 300 km (185 miles) and carried a 1000 kg (2204 lb) warhead, with an amatol explosive charge. The vehicle was only different in details from most modern rockets, with turbopumps, inertial guidance and many other features. Thousands were fired at various Allied nations, mainly England, as well as Belgium and France. While they could not be intercepted, their guidance system design and single conventional warhead meant that the V-2 was insufficiently accurate against military targets. 2,754 people in England were killed, and 6,523 were wounded before the launch campaign was terminated. While the V-2 did not significantly affect the course of the war, it provided a lethal demonstration of the potential for guided rockets as weapons.


Dornberger and Von Braun after being captured by the AlliesAt the end of World War II, competing Russian, British, and U.S. military and scientific crews raced to capture technology and trained personnel from the German rocket program at Peenemünde. Russia and Britain had some success, but the United States benefited most. The US captured a large number of German rocket scientists (many of whom were members of the Nazi Party, including von Braun) and brought them to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. There the same rockets that were designed to rain down on Britain were used instead by scientists as research vehicles for developing the new technology further. The V-2 evolved into the American Redstone rocket, used in the early space program.

After the war, rockets were used to study high-altitude conditions, by radio telemetry of temperature and pressure of the atmosphere, detection of cosmic rays, and further research. This continued in the U.S. under von Braun and the others, who were destined to become part of the U.S. scientific complex.


R-7 8K72 "Vostok"Independently, research continued in the Soviet Union under the leadership of Sergei Korolev. With the help of German technicians, the V-2 was duplicated and improved as the R-1, R-2 and R-5 missiles. German designs were abandoned in the late 1940s, and the foreign workers were sent home. A new series of engines built by Glushko and based on inventions of Aleksei Isaev formed the basis of the first ICBM, the R-7. The R-7 launched the first satellite, the first man into space and the first lunar and planetary probes, and is still in use today. These events attracted the attention of top politicians, along with more money for further research.

Rockets became extremely important militarily in the form of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) when it was realised that nuclear weapons carried on a rocket vehicle were essentially not defensible against once launched, and they became the delivery platform of choice for these weapons.


The Apollo 10 Command Module in orbit around the moonFueled partly by the Cold War, the 1960s became the decade of rapid development of rocket technology in the Soviet Union (Vostok, Soyuz, Proton) and in the United States (e.g. X-20 Dyna-Soar, Gemini), including research in other countries, such as Britain, Japan, Australia, etc. Culminating at the end of the 60s with the manned landing on the moon via the Saturn V, causing the New York Times to retract their earlier editorial implying that spaceflight couldn't work.


[edit] Current day
Rockets remain a popular military weapon. The use of large battlefield rockets of the V-2 type has given way to guided missiles. However rockets are often used by helicopters and light aircraft for ground attack, being more powerful than machine guns, but without the recoil of a heavy cannon. In the 1950s there was a brief vogue for air-to-air rockets, including the AIR-2 'Genie' nuclear rocket, but by the early 1960s these had largely been abandoned in favor of air-to-air missiles.

Economically, rocketry has enabled access to space and launched the era of satellite communication. Scientifically, rocketry has opened a window on our universe, allowing the launch of space probes to explore our solar system, satellites to monitor Earth itself, and telescopes to obtain a clearer view of the rest of the universe.


SpaceShipOneHowever, in the minds of much of the public, the most important use of rockets is manned spaceflight. Vehicles such as the Space Shuttle for scientific research, the Soyuz for orbital tourism and SpaceShipOne for suborbital tourism may show a way towards greater commercialisation of rocketry, away from government funding, and towards more widespread access to space.