Can you help me get Muscular Dystriophy?

Question

How can you tell me how does Muscular Dystriophy causes Cartdriac muscle, Skeleton muscle. and Smooth Muscle. What happens when this causes and how does this affect to human that have a disease called Muscular Dystriophy?

Answer 1

Change the spelling and look for "muscular dystrophy fact sheet" in your favorite search engine.

Answer 2

Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic condition that describes over 20 genetic and hereditary muscle diseases. Of these, nine types are formally declared to be Muscular Dystrophy and the remaining are generally classified as muscular dystrophy. Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue. In some forms of muscular dystrophy, cardiac and smooth muscles are affected. Muscular dystrophy is the most well known of hereditary diseases.

Genetic cause

These conditions are inherited, and the different muscular dystrophies follow various inheritance patterns. The most well-known type, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes, and is thus considered sex-linked. In males (who have only one X chromosome) one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes) a mutation must generally be present in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder (relatively rare exceptions, manifesting carriers, do occur due to dosage compensation/X-inactivation). Males are therefore affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more often than females. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.

In about two thirds of DMD cases, an affected male inherits the mutation from a mother who carries one altered copy of the DMD gene. The other one third of cases probably result from new mutations in the gene. Females who carry one copy of a DMD mutation may have some signs and symptoms related to the condition (such as muscle weakness and cramping), but these are typically milder than the signs and symptoms seen in affected males.

The most common forms of muscular dystrophy are Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker's muscular dystrophy This form is caused by mutations of the gene for the dystrophin protein and leads to an overabundance of the enzyme creatine kinase. The dystrophin gene is the second largest gene in mammals.

Symptoms

Principal symptoms include:

* Progressive Muscular Wasting (weakness)
* Poor Balance
* Frequent Falls
* Walking Difficulty
* Waddling Gait
* Calf Pain
* Limited Range of Movement
* Muscle Contractures
* Drooping Eyelids (ptosis)
* Gonadal Atrophy
* Scoliosis (curvature of the spine)
* Inability to walk
Some types of Muscular Dystrophy can affect the heart, causing cardiomyopathy or arrhythmias.

Types of Muscular Dystrophy

* Becker's muscular dystrophy- age at onset: two to 16 years; symptoms are almost identical to Duchenne but less severe; progresses more slowly than Duchenne; survival into middle age.

* Congenital muscular dystrophy - age at onset: birth; symptoms include general muscle weakness and possible joint deformities; disease progresses slowly; shortened life span.

* Duchenne muscular dystrophy - age at onset: two to six years; symptoms include general muscle weakness and wasting; affects pelvis, upper arms, and upper legs; eventually involves all voluntary muscles; survival beyond 20s is rare. However recent advances in medical care has caused the survival age to increase significantly.

* Distal muscular dystrophy - age at onset: 40 to 60 years; symptoms include weakness and wasting of muscles of the hands, forearms, and lower legs; progress is slow; rarely leads to total incapacity.

* Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy - age at onset: childhood to early teens; symptoms include weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper arm, and shin muscles; joint deformities are common; progress is slow; sudden death may occur from cardiac problems

* Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy - age at onset: teens to early adults; symptoms include facial muscle weakness and weakness with some wasting of shoulders and upper arms; progress is slow, with periods of rapid deterioration; life span may be many decades after onset.

* Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy - age at onset: late childhood to middle age; symptoms include weakness and wasting, affecting shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle first; progress is slow; death is usually due to cardiopulmonary complications.

* Myotonic muscular dystrophy - age at onset: 20 to 40 years; symptoms include weakness of all muscle groups accompanied by delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction; affects face, feet, hands, and neck first; progress is slow, sometimes spanning 50 to 60 years.

* Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy - age at onset: 40 to 70 years; symptoms affect muscles of eyelids and throat causing weakening of throat muscles, which in time causes inability to swallow and emaciation from lack of food; progress is slow.

Hope that helped!