what is the principle of an atom bomb?

Answer 1

There are two technologies. Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion. In nuclear fission the atom breaks into two or several other atoms. the difference in the mass of the original atom and the resultant atoms is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation e=mc^2.

In nuclear fusion two atoms combine together to form a new atom and release the energy. This is what happens in our Sun or in hydrogen bombs. In hydrogen bombs, two hydrogen atoms combine together forming Helium atom at very high pressure and temperatures.

Answer 2

This is based upon the formula of E=MC^2
the theory is given by einstine
Implosion is the detonation of explosives on the outer surface, instead of the inner surface, which causes the detonation/shock wave to move inward. The engineers working on the bomb had to carefully design a smooth, symmetrical implosion setup so that the shock waves would reach each part of the core at the same time, and that was a very difficult task. Once the shock wave is transmitted to the fissionable core it compresses the core and raises the density to the point of superciticality. Which then leads to a great explosion, Essentially what is happening here is that the fissionable mass is crushed to a great density, and once the mass has reached that supercritical density it goes boom!
There are four main problems that must be taken care of for an atomic bomb to explode. They are all related with creating a fission chain reaction:
The fissionable material must be kept in a subcritical state before detonation.
The fissionable material must be brought into a supercritical state while keeping it free of neutrons. Otherwise most of the fissionable mass would be used up and it would not generate a large explosion . The neutrons must be added to the critical mass when it is at maximum supercriticality, meaning at the most "explosive" point. This can be compared to releasing a rubber-band when it is fully stretched so it will travel with the most speed.
The fissionable mass must be kept together until a large amount of it has gone through fission, making it efficient. If the fissionable mass does not stay together, the fission reaction would immediately be stopped. When the atomic nuclei in the center of an atomic bomb, which is composed of fissile materials, are split, an enormous amount of energy is released as dangerously high levels of heat and radiation. Atomic bombs use this energy as a weapon for killing.
Other explanation: When a single neutron strikes the nucleus of a fissile material such as uranium 235 (or plutonium 239), two or three more neutrons are released. When those neutrons are ejected, enormous energy is released. The flying neutrons then hit other nuclei of the uranium and cause them to split in a similar manner, releasing more energy and neutrons. When this fission spreads, a huge amount of energy is generated instantaneously.

Answer 3

To explode, the bomb must first be imploded: compress a subcritical spherical fissionable mass (a ball of normal density uranium and other metals) with specially designed explosives. Implosion is the detonation of explosives on the outer surface, instead of the inner surface, which causes the detonation/shock wave to move inward. The engineers working on the bomb had to carefully design a smooth, symmetrical implosion setup so that the shock waves would reach each part of the core at the same time, and that was a very difficult task. Once the shock wave is transmitted to the fissionable core it compresses the core and raises the density to the point of superciticality. Which then leads to a great explosion, which in the case of "Fat Man" is equivalent to 10,000 tons of TNT. Essentially what is happening here is that the fissionable mass is crushed to a great density, and once the mass has reached that supercritical density it goes boom!
There are four main problems that must be taken care of for an atomic bomb to explode. They are all related with creating a fission chain reaction:
The fissionable material must be kept in a subcritical state before detonation.
The fissionable material must be brought into a supercritical state while keeping it free of neutrons. Otherwise most of the fissionable mass would be used up and it would not generate a large explosion (if any). The neutrons must be added to the critical mass when it is at maximum supercriticality, meaning at the most "explosive" point. This can be compared to releasing a rubber-band when it is fully stretched so it will travel with the most speed.
The fissionable mass must be kept together until a large amount of it has gone through fission, making it efficient. If the fissionable mass does not stay together, the fission reaction would immediately be stopped. When the atomic nuclei in the center of an atomic bomb, which is composed of fissile materials, are split, an enormous amount of energy is released as dangerously high levels of heat and radiation. Atomic bombs use this energy as a weapon for killing.
Other explanation: When a single neutron strikes the nucleus of a fissile material such as uranium 235 (or plutonium 239), two or three more neutrons are released. When those neutrons are ejected, enormous energy is released. The flying neutrons then hit other nuclei of the uranium and cause them to split in a similar manner, releasing more energy and neutrons. When this fission spreads, a huge amount of energy is generated instantaneously.
Estimated damages of atomic bombs:


Atomic: (-800 m): Deadly
(-1000 m): Deadly for 50% of all persons
(-2000 m): Shock- and Heatwawe, Neutrons- and Gammaemission
(-2200 m): Destruction of buildings
(-3000 m): Heavy fires
Neutronic: (-200 m): Destruction of buildings
(-800 m): Deadly within 1-2 days
(-1000 m): Deadly within 4-6 days
(-1200 m): Mostly deadly within a few weeks
(-1400 m): Deadly for 50% of all persons
(-3000 m): Neutronic emission

Answer 4

The A bomb (nuclear, not thermonuclear) requires getting a critical mass of fissionable material (plutonium or Uranium 236) and holding it long enough for a chain reaction of splitting atoms to occur. During the splitting a tiny portion of the mass is converted to energy but the multiplier of mass to energy is so great (C^2), that huge energy is released in a very short time and the expansion of the heated material causes a violent explosion.
In the two original bombs, Fat Man used a sphere of conventional explosives to push the pieces of a sphere of fissionable material into a critical mass - some of the other answers detail the complexities of that. Fat Man was tested in the Nevada desert before another was dropped on Japan because they were not completely sure it would work.
Tall Boy used a cannon arrangement to shoot enough fissionable material into an incomplete mass to make it critical. Because the timing was so much less critical, they felt sure it would work and the first time it was exploded was over Japan.

Answer 5

Principle Of Hydrogen Bomb

Answer 6

You have few good and one funny answer.

But.

It is no different from any other bomb, massive explosion, using atomic energy. Other bomb use other type of explosives, atom bomb uses fussionable or fissionable, radioactive material.

Principal:

1. Fission

Requires lots of energy to take place, this energy is supplied by a regular bomb, to start atomic reaction, this reaction is of a instantaneous type, it realises massive destructive energy. Which in turn causes great amount of destruction. It forms a cloud of radioactive Derbies, in a shape of a mushroom. Which is carried by wind like any other cloud and from time to time the derbies comes down, which we call radioactive fall out. This causes further damage, this damage on the whole can be more then original damage from the blast itself.

2. Fussion.

Requiers more energy then fission. So it need one more bomb, without going in to details, you can safely say it is 3 bomb in one, results are similar but more, lot more energy is released and the distruction is emence. It also results in a radioactive fall out.

Answer 7

The principle of Atom bomb is NUCLEAR FISSION. It happens through chain reaction of neutrons and Radio active atoms and a large amount of energy (200MeV) is liberated in this process.

Answer 8

In most of the cases it is uncontrolled nuclear fission.
Generally there are two nuclear reactions there are nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.In Nuclear fusion small atoms combine to form atom of great molecular weight. In general H atom undergo nuclear fusion to form He. In nuclear fission large atoms like U235, U238 undergo nuclear reaction. When a moderately , slow moving neutran hits the U235, U238 atoms the nucleus becomes unstable and splits into two other atoms producing three neutrans which are fast moving and are slowed by moderator (heavy water or graphite). These three neutrons strike another three atoms and produce 9 neutrons and so on. In nuclear reactors these no. of neutrans are reduced by introducing boran or cadmium rods producing constant heat but where as in nuclear bomb it becomes un controllable producing tremendous amot of heat causing explosion.
In hydrogen bomb to fuse two H nuclei the required temperature is given by the explosion of nuclear bomb then at this temperature H atoms fuses giving rise to high temperature which is greater than the nuclear bomb

Answer 9

There are two technologies. Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion. In nuclear fission the atom breaks into two or several other atoms. the difference in the mass of the original atom and the resultant atoms is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation e=mc^2.

In nuclear fusion two atoms combine together to form a new atom and release the energy. This is what happens in our Sun or in hydrogen bombs. In hydrogen bombs, two hydrogen atoms combine together forming Helium atom at very high pressure and temperatures.

Answer 10

It converts a tiny fraction of mass into pure energy through nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium. The amount of energy is determined by Einstein's equation E = mc^2; since the speed of light (c) is a very large number the speed of light squared (c^2) is colossal, so the explosion is very powerful indeed. If there is a shell of tritium gas (that's hydrogen with two extra neutrons), the tritium can be coaxed into fusing into helium, which creates an explosion of theoretically unlimited size: it's a hydrogen bomb.