what was the 1st spacecraft to go into space a second time?

Question

what was the 1st spacecraft to go into space a second time?

Answer 1

I think it is columbia. Please go thru what I found about it

Columbia, the oldest orbiter in the Shuttle fleet, is named after the Boston, Massachusetts based sloop captained by American Robert Gray. On May 11, 1792, Gray and his crew maneuvered the Columbia past the dangerous sandbar at the mouth of a river extending more than 1,000 miles through what is today south-eastern British Columbia, Canada, and the Washington-Oregon border. The river was later named after the ship. Gray also led Columbia and its crew on the first American circumnavigation of the globe, carrying a cargo of otter skins to Canton, China, and then returning to Boston.
Other sailing ships have further enhanced the luster of the name Columbia. The first U.S. Navy ship to circle the globe bore that title, as did the command module for Apollo 11, the first lunar landing mission.

On a more directly patriotic note, "Columbia" is considered to be the feminine personification of the United States. The name is derived from that of another famous explorer, Christopher Columbus.

The spaceship Columbia has continued the pioneering legacy of its forebears, becoming the first Space Shuttle to fly into Earth orbit in 1981. Four sister ships joined the fleet over the next 10 years: Challenger, arriving in 1982 but destroyed four years later; Discovery, 1983; Atlantis, 1985; and Endeavour, built as a replacement for Challenger, 1991. A test vehicle, the Enterprise, was used for suborbital approach and landing tests and did not fly in space. The names of Columbia's sister ships each boast their own illustrious pedigree.

In the day-to-day world of Shuttle operations and processing, Space Shuttle orbiters go by a more prosaic designation. Columbia is commonly refered to as OV-102, for Orbiter Vehicle-102. Empty Weight was 158,289 lbs at rollout and 178,000 lbs with main engines installed.

Upgrades and Features
Columbia was the first on-line orbiter to undergo the scheduled inspection and retrofit program. It was transported August 10, 1991, after its completion of mission STS-40, to prime Shuttle contractor Rockwell International's Palmdale, California assembly plant. The oldest orbiter in the fleet underwent approximately 50 modifications, including the addition of carbon brakes, drag chute, improved nose wheel steering, removal of development flight instrumentation and an enhancement of its thermal protection system. The orbiter returned to KSC February 9, 1992 to begin processing for mission STS-50 in June of that year.
On October 8, 1994, Columbia was transported to Palmdale California for its first ODMP. Approximately 90 modifications and upgrades were made to Columbia during this 6 month period. Modifications included upgrades to the main landing gear thermal barrier, tire pressure monitoring system and radiator drive circuitry. (Reference KSC Press Release 113-94 and Shuttle Status Report 10/10/94)

On September 24, 1999, Columbia was transported to Palmdale California for its second ODMP. While in California, workers will perform more than 100 modifications on the vehicle. Columbia will be the second orbiter outfitted with the multi-functional electronic display system (MEDS) or "glass cockpit". Last year, Shuttle Atlantis had the full-color, flat-panel displays installed on its flight deck during an OMDP. The new system improves crew interaction with the orbiter during flight and reduces the high cost of maintaining the outdated electromechanical cockpit displays currently onboard. (Reference KSC Press Release 74-99)


Construction Milestones
07/26/72 Contract Award
03/27/75 Start long lead fabrication aft fuselage
11/17/75 Start long-lead fabrication of crew module
06/28/76 Start assembly of crew module
09/13/76 Start structural assembly of aft-fuselage
12/13/76 Start assembly upper forward fuselage
01/03/77 Start assembly vertical stabilizer
08/26/77 Wings arrive at Palmdale from Grumman
10/28/77 Lower forward fuselage on dock, Palmdale
11/07/77 Start of Final Assembly
02/24/78 Body flap on dock, Palmdale
04/28/78 Forward payload bay doors on dock, Palmdale
05/26/78 Upper forward fuselage mate
07/07/78 Complete mate forward and aft payload bay doors
09/11/78 Complete forward RCS
02/03/79 Complete combined systems test, Palmdale
02/16/79 Airlock on dock, Palmdale
03/05/79 Complete postcheckout
03/08/79 Closeout inspection, Final Acceptance Palmdale
03/08/79 Rollout from Palmdale to Dryden (38 miles)
03/12/79 Overland transport from Palmdale to Edwards
03/20/79 SCA Ferry Flight from DFRF to Bigs AFB, Texas
03/22/79 SCA Ferry flight from Bigs AFB to Kelly AFB, Texas
03/24/79 SCA Ferry flight from Kelly AFB to Eglin AFB, Florida
03/24/79 SCA Ferry flight from Eglin, AFB to KSC
11/03/79 Auxiliary Power Unit hot fire tests, OPF KSC
12/16/79 Orbiter integrated test start, KSC
01/14/80 Orbiter integrated test complete, KSC
02/20/81 Flight Readiness Firing
04/12/81 First Flight (STS-1)
Columbia's Flights to date:
01. STS-1 (04/12/81)
02. STS-2 (11/12/81)
03. STS-3 (03/22/82)
04. STS-4 (06/27/82)
05. STS-5 (11/11/82)
06. STS-9 (11/28/83)
07. 61-C (01/12/86)
08. STS-28 (08/08/89)
09. STS-32 (01/09/90)
10. STS-35 (12/02/90)
11. STS-40 (06/05/91)
12. STS-50 (06/25/92)
13. STS-52 (10/22/92)
14. STS-55 (04/26/93)
15. STS-58 (10/18/93)
16. STS-62 (3/4/94)
17. STS-65 (7/8/94)

Answer 2

The first spacecraft to fly twice in space was actually the Gemini 2 capsule.

During the Gemini program, the United States Air Force were working on plans to use the Gemini spacecraft design for military purposes, including taking two men on a month-long trip in a manned orbital laboratory. The MOL project would see the Gemini capsule launched along with an orbital workshop on a Titan IIIC missile. The two military astronauts would ride up in the Gemini capsule, then transfer to the laboratory and power down the Gemini until they wanted to return to Earth, whereupon they would power it up again, separate from the laboratory and use the Gemini to return to Earth.

The MOL project was cancelled before it ever got to manned flights, but one unmanned test flight was made, and it used NASA's Gemini 2 capsule. Gemini 2, launched in 1965, was an unmanned test flight to qualify the heat shield. After the capsule was retrieved following splashdown it was transfered to the USAF, where it was refurbished, given a new heatshield, and mounted on the test missile. It was launched a second time in 1969 and performed well in an unmanned MOL test before returning once again to Earth.

Not until the space shuttle in the 1980s did another craft fly in space more than once, and the shuttle was the first manned spacecraft to fly multiple times. However, the first re-used spacecraft was really the Gemini 2 capsule.

Answer 3

The Shuttle Columbia:
1st flight April 12, 1981
2nd flight November 12, 1981

Answer 4

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Answer 5

The first American spacecraft to go into space more than once was the Atlas rocket used in the Mercury missions in the early 1960's.

Answer 6

I would imagine that it was the space shuttle, maybe the Columbia.