How does the structure of a chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient?

Question

biology help

Answer 1

Chloroplasts are comprised of thylakoids that rest inside the stroma. Light driven electron flow (from PS I and PS II) pumps portons across the thylakoid membrane and generates an electrochemical gradient, which can be used to make ATP, in which H ions flow through an ATP Synthase symporter to drive the oxidative phosporylation of ADP.

Answer 2

Chloroplasts have an internal system of membranes - the thylakoids. A concentration gradient is produced when H+ ions are pumped to the inside of the thylakoids so they can rush back out through the "ATP-maker" protein.