who or what is credited with creating the initiative ,referendum,and recall?

Answer 1

The initiative, the referendum, and the recall were all part of the Socialist Party's agenda in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were adopted by a group of thinkers usually called "progressives," and passed into law in the early 20th century in many states. Both the Democrats and the Republicans "claim" credit for the ideas. But in reality, as stated above, the ideas originated with the Socialists, who, as a party, were the strongest proponents of democratic reform, transparency in government, and voter suffrage.

Answer 2

Public opinion is derived in initiative, referendum and recall to determine who is the leader they like or what laws they want.