what is cognitive approach to learning?

Question

indicate how the cognitive approach to learning differs from behavioral learning

Answer 1

A cognitive approach to learning believes that what develops in learning are cognitive structures, or models of ways to look at the world. For example, when you are learning to multiply numbers, you basically learn a concept of what multiplication is.
A behavioral approach to learning believes that you learn a series of specific facts. Eventually, when you learn to multiply numbers, when you multiply enough of them, you might generalize the procedure for multiplying numbers.
A cognitive approach to learning would say that you can get insight into solving problems and you assimilate new information and when some difference occurs, such as multiplying more than two numbers, you accomodate the procedure and then assimilate more problems. A behaviorist would say that you "generalize" the procedure, and if you are correct, you are reinforced for the generalization. In this way you are encouraged to generalize more, which leads to "higher order learning".
Piaget was the premier cognitive psychologist. In my day, Skinner was the premier behaviorist and Kendler and Kendler were the premier information processing psychological theorists, an attempt to merge cognitive ideas with behavioral or learning theories.
It really is different ways of explaining the same phenomena found in maturation and thinking

Answer 2

The problem had been answered in 3rd Century BC through the text "Nyaya Sutra" by Akshapada Gautama. He said that 'knowledge worth the name must have the property of affectivity' ie; affecting the knower and changing the knower through a process of purification; which eventually leads to temperance and civilisation. Once knowledge can refine or purify the knower, these problems shall automatically vanish, and one shall then realise that such problems were illusory.

Answer 3

you better study

The Analysis of Mind by Bertrand Russell

Answer 4

Hi, I will try to give you some relevant ideas for the question, my inspiration is from reading "Beyond good and evil" of the great philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche



Nietzsche: 34. At whatever standpoint of philosophy one may place oneself nowadays, seen from every position, the ERRONEOUSNESS of the world in which we think we live is the surest and most certain thing our eyes can light upon:
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J -> You should learn by observing yourself, to be lucid
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Nietzsche: we find proof after proof thereof, which would fain allure us into surmises concerning a deceptive principle in the "nature of things.
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e -> when you change your behaviour to feel life, you will see that all your fears which pretent to be rational, are not
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Nietzsche: " He, however, who makes thinking itself, and consequently "the spirit," responsible for the falseness of the world--an honourable exit, which every conscious or unconscious advocatus dei avails himself of--he who regards this world, including space, time, form, and movement, as falsely DEDUCED, would have at least good reason in the end to become distrustful also of all thinking;
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s -> when you don't have any idea, allow yourself to be bad and immoral
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Nietzsche: has it not hitherto been playing upon us the worst of scurvy tricks? and what guarantee would it give that it would not continue to do what it has always been doing?
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u -> I learned in the very "profitable (eat all)" way, that's why I can't be conscious of who am I, but only know worthless knowledge
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Nietzsche: In all seriousness, the innocence of thinkers has something touching and respect-inspiring in it, which even nowadays permits them to wait upon consciousness with the request that it will give them HONEST answers:
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s -> let us learn by practise, don't learn by straining and take notes
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Nietzsche: for example, whether it be "real" or not, and why it keeps the outer world so resolutely at a distance, and other questions of the same description.
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^ -> our purpose should be undetermined to make it flexible
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Nietzsche: The belief in "immediate certainties" is a MORAL NAIVETE which does honour to us philosophers;
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-> Time past when we learn , but time does not pass when we are ourself
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Nietzsche: but--we have now to cease being "MERELY moral" men! Apart from morality, such belief is a folly which does little honour to us!
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-> I have no quality that why I should not learn and build up some knowledge, I should be happy with my problems
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Nietzsche: If in middle-class life an ever- ready distrust is regarded as the sign of a "bad character," and consequently as an imprudence, here among us, beyond the middle- class world and its Yeas and Nays, what should prevent our being imprudent and saying:
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-> let us never talk about learning method anymore, only talk about methods that serve us at present, rather than follow us and enslave us
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Nietzsche: the philosopher has at length a RIGHT to "bad character," as the being who has hitherto been most befooled on earth--he is now under OBLIGATION to distrustfulness, to the wickedest squinting out of every abyss of suspicion.
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-> we should not expect ourself to be intelligent
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Nietzsche: --Forgive me the joke of this gloomy grimace and turn of expression; for I myself have long ago learned to think and estimate differently with regard to deceiving and being deceived, and I keep at least a couple of pokes in the ribs ready for the blind rage with which philosophers struggle against being deceived.
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-> when you need something to be fast, you should want yourself to be more clever
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Nietzsche: Why NOT? It is nothing more than a moral prejudice that truth is worth more than semblance;
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-> what will happen to you, what you fear will arrive to you, don't fear, nothing is not enjoyable when you are God
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Nietzsche: it is, in fact, the worst proved supposition in the world. So much must be conceded:
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-> if you look at something with your "self" you will feel maybe rejection
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Nietzsche: there could have been no life at all except upon the basis of perspective estimates and semblances;
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My character is gentle and humorous. You will find the pleasure of life in my company. To help others makes me happy. If you need help, do not hesitate to call me. Otherwise you deprive me the right to be happy!
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