The son of a Catholic secondary schoolmaster, Himmler received a diploma in agriculture after World War I and soon joined militant rightist organizations. As a member of one of these, the Reichskriegsflagge, he participated in Adolf Hitler's abortive Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch in November 1923. Himmler joined the Nazi Party in 1925 and rose steadily in the party hierarchy, but the foundations of his future importance were laid with his appointment as Reichsführer of the SS, Hitler's elite bodyguard, which was nominally under the control of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Himmler immediately began expanding the SS, which reached a membership of more than 50,000 by 1933. After Hitler's accession to power (Jan. 30, 1933), Himmler became head of the Munich police and soon afterward became commander of all German police units outside Prussia. As such he established the Third Reich's first concentration camp, at Dachau. In April 1934 he was appointed assistant chief of the Gestapo (secret police) in Prussia, and from this position he extended his control over the police forces of the whole Reich, assuming full command of them in 1936. Himmler masterminded the June 30, 1934, purge in which the SS eliminated the SA as a power factor, thus strengthening Hitler's control over his own party and the German army, which had viewed the SA as a serious rival. Himmler then began to build the SS into the most powerful armed body in Germany next to the armed forces. Under Himmler the SS would eventually acquire vast police powers in Germany and the territories it occupied, and it also acquired primary responsibilities in the areas of security, intelligence gathering, and espionage.
World War II brought a vast extension of Himmler's empire and the resources at his command. After Hitler decided in 1941 to exterminate European Jewry, it was Himmler who organized the death camps in eastern Europe, which also provided human material for cheap forced labour and medical experiments. After Germany invaded the Soviet Union, Himmler was entrusted with the political administration of that nation's conquered territory with the goal of eliminating the Soviet system. By 1943 Himmler had risen to minister of the interior and plenipotentiary for Reich administration.
During the war Himmler expanded the Waffen-SS (Armed SS) until, with 35 divisions, it rivaled the army. He also gained control of the intelligence network, military armaments (after the abortive attempt on Hitler's life of July 20, 1944), the Volkssturm, a levee en masse of older men, and later the Werwolf, a guerrilla force intended to continue the struggle after the war. He also unsuccessfully commanded two army groups.
Not content with military power alone, Himmler attempted to set up an autonomous SS industrial empire. When this provoked resistance from Hitler's minister for armaments and war production, Albert Speer, Himmler appears to have orchestrated an attempt on the latter's life in February 1944.
In the final months of the war, Himmler suffered increasingly from psychosomatic illnesses and was progressively shunted aside by Hitler's entourage. When it became known that Himmler hoped to succeed the Führer and had negotiated with the Swedish count Folke Bernadotte to surrender Germany to the Western allies and with the West to continue the war against the Soviet Union (April 1945), Hitler promptly stripped him of all offices and ordered his arrest. Disguised as a common soldier, he attempted to escape. Captured by the Western allies, he committed suicide by taking poison.
Himmler was a highly effective administrator and a ruthless and adroit power seeker who was slavishly devoted to Hitler. He combined a penchant for philosophical mysticism with a cold-blooded, fanatical adherence to the Nazi racist ideology, with the result that he was the prime architect of the Holocaust. More than any other individual, Himmler was the man who created the network of state terror by which the Third Reich suppressed its opposition, eliminated its internal enemies, and compelled obedience from the German citizenry.
2007-04-12 02:32:08
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answer #1
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answered by Retired 7
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1900—1945, German Nazi leader. An early member of the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) party, Himmler took part in Adolf Hitler's "beer-hall putsch" of 1923, and in 1929 Hitler appointed him head of the SS, or Schutzstaffel, the party's black-shirted elite corps. When Hitler came to power he made Himmler head of police in Munich and then chief of the political police throughout Bavaria. After the party purge of June, 1934, which eliminated Ernst Roehm, head of the SA, or Nazi militia, Himmler's SS became the major police organ of the state. In 1936, Himmler was named chief of the German police; this brought him formal control over the Gestapo, the secret police that had been set up in 1933 by Hermann Goering. From his preeminent position Himmler terrorized his own party hierarchy as well as all German-held Europe, establishing and overseeing concentration camps and ordering incarceration and death for millions, particularly after the beginning of World War II. A superb bureaucrat and one of the most cold-blooded of the Nazi leaders, he was a fanatic racist. In Aug., 1943, he became minister of the interior, and after putting down the conspiracy against Hitler in July, 1944, he was the virtual dictator of German domestic policy. In Apr., 1945, just before Germany's defeat in World War II, Himmler secretly attempted to negotiate German surrender, hoping to save himself. Upon hearing of this, Hitler expelled him from the party. Himmler attempted to escape, but was arrested by British troops in May, 1945, and committed suicide by swallowing poison.
2007-04-11 03:47:40
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answer #2
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answered by AmyV 6
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He once addressed a group of SS officers and told them that they were all good, upstanding men. He then went on to say that when you are in a room with 100 corpses you will understand what it's all about. Or something. Let's face it. He was cunty.
2007-04-11 03:42:56
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answer #3
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answered by Dr Know It All 5
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Come on, Kaitlin. Do your own research. Not too difficult!! You can find a ton of information about this Nazi leader, a close adviser to Hitler. Don't be so lazy and expect others to do your work for you.
Chow!!
2007-04-11 05:55:18
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answer #4
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answered by No one 7
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Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 in Munich, Germany. His father was a schoolmaster and had two other sons besides Heinrich. As a child, Heinrich studied at the local high school and graduated in 1918.
At this time, Germany was involved in World War 1 and Heinrich was appointed an Officer Cadet in the German Army. He was assigned to the 11th Bavarian Regiment, but the war ended just before he was sent to the front lines. As a result, he missed all of the combat and was discharged from the military.
In 1919, Himmler enrolled in the agronomy program at the Technische Hochschule in the city of Munich. While studying there, he joined the Freikorps, a group of ex-military Germans who were angry with Germany's loss in World War 1. In 1923, he joined the Nazi Party's stormtroopers and took part in the Beer Hall Putsch later that year.
In 1925, Himmler joined the SS and became one of its most shining members. In 1927, he was appointed Deputy Reichsfuhrer-SS and began to make the organization his life. When his superior, Erhard Heiden, resigned, Himmler took the position of Reichsfuhrer-SS and found himself in command of 280 SS men.
Over the next several years, Himmler oversaw the massive growth of the SS from hundreds to tens of thousands of members. By 1933, the group had over 50,000 members and great amount of influence. However, the SS at this time was still considered a subset of the SA, a fact that Himmler did not like. Himmler ordered the SS to begin wearing black uniforms in 1933 in an effort to differentiate them from the brown-shirted SA. He was subsequently promoted in rank to SS-Obergruppenfuhrer, obtaining influence equivalent to that of the senior SA leaders.
Himmler became instrumental in the removal of Ernst Rohm, the leader of the SA, and further increased his influence as an effect. He teamed up with Hermann Goering and managed to convince Hitler that Rohm was planning to use the SA to stage a coup and seize power in the Nazi Party. On June 30, 1934, Himmler participated in the execution of Rohm and several of his associates in an operation known as "The Night of the Long Knives".
By 1936, the SS had been established as officially independent of the SA. Himmler succeeded in consolidating all of Germany's law enforcement agencies under the SS, giving him great control over Germany. He was also placed in command of the secret police, then known as the Sicherheitspolizei. He also established a more militant branch of the SS known as the Waffen-SS.
In the 1930s, Himmler implemented a plan for the extermination of Jews and other ethnic undesirables in Germany and its conquered territories. The SS organized concentration camps to house these individuals and submit them to slave labor and eventual extermination. The first such camp was opened in Dachau on March 22, 1933, followed by other camps in Poland. The program caused the deaths of an estimated six million people.
In 1942, Himmler's right hand man in the SS, Reinhard Heydrich, was killed by Czech assassins while stationed in the Prague. Himmler ordered an immediate reprisal that resulted in the killing of all men living in and around the city. In 1944, when a plot against Hitler was discovered, Himmler was promoted to take charge of the Abwehr and all intelligence in Germany.
As the war advanced an Germany's position was placed in jeopardy, Himmler found himself getting more involved with the German military. In 1944, he was made commander of the Upper Rhine army, which was in charge of holding back American and French forces. In 1945, he was placed in charge of defending Germany from the advancing Red Army on its eastern border. However, due to his lack of military experience, Himmler was relieved of command.
By the spring of 1945, Himmler had lost faith in Germany and was convinced that it was doomed to suffer defeat. He contacted a Swedish man named Count Folke Bernadotte and proceeded to negotiate the surrender of German forces in the west. Hitler discovered the plan and named Himmler a traitor shortly after.
Unfortunately for Himmler, his negotiations failed and he was forced to hide out in western Germany until the end of the war. When Karl Donitz was chosen to lead the Flensburg government, Himmler joined him, but was dismissed on May 6, 1945. He then contacted the headquarters of Dwight Eisenhower, promising the surrender of all German forces if he was spared execution, but he was ignored and declared a war criminal.
Later that month, Himmler decided to make the desperate move of returning to Germany by posing as a refugee. However, he was captured by British soldiers in the city of Bremen on May 22, 1945. Soon after his capture, he was identified as the wanted war criminal Heinrich Himmler and scheduled for transfer to Nuremberg for the trials. However, he escaped a certain execution by committing suicide with a potassium cyanide capsule on May 23, 1945.
2007-04-11 03:59:38
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answer #5
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answered by ♥skiperdee1979♥ 5
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my mum ♥Happy Valentines day! ♥ 2 u 2
2016-05-17 09:06:43
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answer #6
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answered by cathy 3
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