The reason 4 different penetrating abilities of diff type of ionising radiation throughpaper aluminum lead?

Answer 1

For charged particles (alpha, protons, beta) the ionization energy loss is proportional to the electron density in the medium , the square of the projectile charge, with 1/v^2 dependence on the projectile velocity until the reach relativistic velocities. At relativistic velocities it has a weak dependence on velocity. Since electrons are much lighter for a given energy their velocities will be much greater. For electrons, scattering can be important.
Electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by the photoelectric effect, with the mass absorption cross sections that fall off rapidly with energy, and determined by the energy levels of the electron configuration (absorption edges) of the absorber. Scattering is also important.

Answer 2

Alpha debris (helium ions) are enormous and cumbersome. quite much something will provide up them. Beta debris (electrons) are lots smaller and particularly extra sturdy to resign. intense skill gamma rays (EM radiation) are much extra sturdy nonetheless to resign.

Answer 3

Alpha particles (helium ions) are big and bulky. Just about anything will stop them.

Beta particles (electrons) are much smaller and somewhat harder to stop.

High energy gamma rays (EM radiation) are even harder still to stop.