What kind of medicines and stuff were used in Civil War Field Hospitals?

Answer 1

They had very few medicines and had only recently come up with the idea of an ether like substance to put people to sleep when they chopped off their limbs. Traditionally they just gave the wounded person some whiskey and they usually passed out with their limb was being cut off.

The real key, however, was that no one at the time of the Civil War understood the basics of germ theory. Therefor they did not wash off their tools, their saws and pliers (to pull bullets out with) and sharp knives! Infection killed far more people during the Civil War than bullets did. With even a small wound, a flesh-wound as it were, the person had about a 30% chance of dying because of infection.

In camp, as well, with suddenly a hundred thousand soldiers all gathered together, many of the soldiers from rural areas had few if any immunities to illnesses. Diseases such as the flu, typhoid and dysentery were awful and killed tens of thousands of soldiers.

Answer 2

The most prevalent object was the bone saw, to amputate limbs (most weapons were .52 caliber; a huge bullet that shattered bone when it hit, making, at that time, it impossible to save them.)