Who made the first internal combustion engine ? What country ?

Answer 1

The first internal combustion engines did not have compression, but ran on air/fuel mixture sucked or blown in during the first part of the intake stroke.

The most significant distinction between modern internal combustion engines and the early designs is the use of compression and in particular of in-cylinder compression.

* 1509: Leonardo da Vinci described a compression-less engine.
* 1673: Christiaan Huygens described a compression-less engine.[1]
* 17th century: English inventor Sir Samuel Morland used gunpowder to drive water pumps.
* 1780's: Alessandro Volta built a toy electric pistol in which an electric spark exploded a mixture of air and hydrogen, firing a cork from the end of the gun.
* 1794: Robert Street built a compression-less engine whose principle of operation would dominate for nearly a century.
* 1806: Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
* 1823: Samuel Brown patented the first internal combustion engine to be applied industrially. It was compression-less and based on what Hardenberg calls the "Leonardo cycle," which, as this name implies, was already out of date at that time.
* 1824: French physicist Sadi Carnot established the thermodynamic theory of idealized heat engines. This scientifically established the need for compression to increase the difference between the upper and lower working temperatures.
* 1826 April 1: The American Samuel Morey received a patent for a compression-less "Gas Or Vapor Engine".
* 1838: a patent was granted to William Barnet (English). This was the first recorded suggestion of in-cylinder compression.
* 1854: The Italians Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci patented the first working efficient internal combustion engine in London (pt. Num. 1072) but did not go into production with it. It was similar in concept to the successful Otto Langen indirect engine, but not so well worked out in detail.
* 1860: Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir (1822 - 1900) produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine closely similar in appearance to a horizontal double-acting steam beam engine, with cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, and flywheel in which the gas essentially took the place of the steam. This was the first internal combustion engine to be produced in numbers.
* 1862: Nikolaus Otto designed an indirect-acting free-piston compression-less engine whose greater efficiency won the support of Langen and then most of the market, which at that time, was mostly for small stationary engines fueled by lighting gas.
* 1870: In Vienna Siegfried Marcus put the first mobile gasoline engine on a handcart.
* 1876: Nikolaus Otto working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach developed a practical four-stroke cycle (Otto cycle) engine. The German courts, however, did not hold his patent to cover all in-cylinder compression engines or even the four stroke cycle, and after this decision in-cylinder compression became universal.
* 1879: Karl Benz, working independently, was granted a patent for his internal combustion engine, a reliable two-stroke gas engine, based on Nikolaus Otto's design of the four-stroke engine. Later Benz designed and built his own four-stroke engine that was used in his automobiles, which became the first automobiles in production.
* 1882: James Atkinson invented the Atkinson cycle engine. Atkinson’s engine had one power phase per revolution together with different intake and expansion volumes making it more efficient than the Otto cycle.
* 1891 - Herbert Akroyd Stuart built his oil engine, leasing rights to Hornsby of England to build them. They build the first cold start, compression ignition engines. In 1892, they installed the first ones in a water pumping station. An experimental higher-pressure version produced self-sustaining ignition through compression alone in the same year.
* 1892: Rudolf Diesel developed his Carnot heat engine type motor burning powdered coal dust.
* 1893 February 23: Rudolf Diesel received a patent for the diesel engine.
* 1896: Karl Benz invented the boxer engine, also known as the horizontally opposed engine, in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead centre at the same time, thus balancing each other in momentum.
* 1900: Rudolf Diesel demonstrated the diesel engine in the 1900 Exposition Universelle (World's Fair) using peanut oil (see biodiesel).
* 1900: Wilhelm Maybach designed an engine built at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft—following the specifications of Emil Jellinek—who required the engine to be named Daimler-Mercedes after his daughter. In 1902 automobiles with that engine were put into production by DMG.

Answer 2

This Site Might Help You.

RE:
Who made the first internal combustion engine ? What country ?

Answer 3

Nicolas Joseph Cugnot of France built the first... go here.....

http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarsgasa.htm

Answer 4

Based on what we think of an a modern internal combustion engine the antecedent to the modern engine was created by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir in 1860. It was based on the design of a steam valve box, and ran on illuminating gas. Lenoir was preeminent in working with electricity and pioneered some techniques of electroplating.

Lenoir was born in Belgium in a region that was later annexed into France. Because of his work as a scientist Lenoir was granted French citizenship and his work with engines is credited as being a French invention.

The Lenoir engine was modified several times as was the first automobile that he created in 1862, the Hippomobile. He created several automobiles including one that ran on Hydrogen. He later created a much more modern automobile similar to successful designs that came much later one of which has been recently found and is on display in Paris. It is similar in appearance to the Daimler Maybach automobile of 1887 but with a very small steering wheel.

Lenoir's work was observed by grocery salesman Nicholas August Otto who used his life savings and later recruited his employer in the quest to make a successful internal combustion engine. He succeeded in 1864 to make an atmospheric engine (his attempt at a compressed charge engine failed in 1862) That was four time more fuel efficient than Lenoir's had been.

Lenoir had managed to sell about 200 of his atmospheric engines. In 1876 Otto (after 14 years of work) succeeded in producing an engine that worked on a compressed fuel charge. The engineers that created that engine for Otto were Gottlieb Daimler and Wolfgang Maybach. These engines eventually sold by the thousands.

While Otto sold more than 20,000 engines these were large factory engines. Daimler and Maybach wanted to build transportation engines. They left Otto, had one of his patent's voided (using the Rochas patent as a reason) and produced the FIRST modern compressed charge flame ignition engine, which is the antecedent of today's modern gasoline automobile engine. It was made in Cannstadt, Germany in 1883 and referred to as the Grandfather Clock Engine. Two years later Daimler and Maybach built this engine into a four wheeled vehicle known as the Petroleum Reitwagen (Petroleum Riding Car) which for some reason is credited as the first motorcycle and is in fact the world's first automobile.

This is the first internal combustion engine of the type used in automobiles using gasoline today. Just as in the beginning, these engines can still run on Illuminating gas (natural gas) and on many vaporized fuels such as Benzine and Hydrogen. The fuel must be converted to vapor before ignition.

All the early engines ran on a gas discovered by Frenchman Phillipe Le Bon, called Illuminating gas. The development of the Petroleum Reitwagen was the first successful engine that ran on a liquid petroleum fuel and compressed fuel charge. The fuel itself, Naptha, was so feared for it danger that Daimler deliberately obscured this from the patent by simply using the work Petroleum. A brand name for that fuel was Ligroin, and it was hair tonic sold only in apothecaries. Daimler's first engines used an Englishman's flame induction patent as Daimler knew that Lenoir's electrical ignition was extremely unreliable.

Otto engine typically revolved no faster than 100 rpm. The Daimler Maybach engine was an "explosion" engine, distinguishing it was all engines before it. It was able to revolve at 600 rpm. It was soon found in automobiles, boats, and dirigibles. Otto's company is today known as Deutz.

Daimler died in 1900. His company later merged with Karl Benz company and because Daimler-Benz, today known as Mercedes-Benz. Daimler's Reitwagen preceded the Benz three wheeler carriage by several months. Benz' three wheeler was created a few months before the first Daimler four wheeler carriage. The first carriages from Lenoir dated from 1862 they were singular pieces, unsuccessful. Dozens of other engineers developed singular examples of engines and carriages, but none of them lead to commercial success and have no bearing on today's modern automobile. The Daimler Maybach Reitwagen is the first automobile of any kind and has the same engine design found in almost all modern automobiles (though there are some variations in valve timing).

Daimler and Maybach also created the first successful low voltage ignition (the basis for the work of the Robert Bosch company), the first carburetor, the transmission, supercharging, the first V engine, and first inline multi-cylinder engine and much of the technology that the automobile industry is based on. The Reitwagen is often credited as the first motorcycle and sported the first use of a twist grip throttle.

Daimler had to have one of Otto's patents voided to be allowed to sell his engines. The Clerk engine was created in an attempt to bypass Otto patents (more than 25 of them existed) and evolved into the modern two cycle engine which is known as the Day cycle engine.

Otherwise, the first internal combustion engines were either rockets or guns created by the Chinese in the 14th century. The first description of a gun powder fueled engine in Europe was from Christian Huygens (the Netherlands) and is in fact a device that was used by DuPont to measure the strength of Gunpowder at the Black Powder facility in Wilmington Delaware (DuPont's First Factory) and is still demonstrated today at the Hagley Museum.