How would you explain protein synthesis? Including the DNA,mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, riboomes, RER, Golgi complex.?

Answer 1

1. DNA has the gene that tells how to make the protein. DNA is opened in the area of the gene and RNA nucleotides match the unpaired bases of the gene. This is transcription.
2. The resulting strand of mRNA separates from the gene and goes out of the nucleus through a pore in the nuclear envelope to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
3. The ribosomal subunits are made of rRNA. The ribosome attaches to the mRNA and translation begins.
4. The mRNA is "read" three bases at a time, each three bases composing a codon.
5. tRNA molecules in the cytoplasm have anticodons of three bases. The anticodons match the mRNA codons, thus determining which tRNA brings its amino acid to the protein synthesis site.
6. The amino acids join together in a chain, each delivered by a tRNA. When a stop codon is reached, the amino acid chain is finished. It folds up into a protein.
7. Amino acids that are made on ribosomes that are on the rough endoplasmic reticulum move into the inside of the rer to be modified and transported to the area near a Golgi complex.
8. The proteins are surrounded by a bit of the rer membrane forming a vesicle that acts as a little pod to carry the proteins through the cytoplasm to the near side of a Golgi complex.
9. The vesicle merges with the Golgi complex. The proteins are further sorted in the Golgi complex and are finally packaged into vesicles made when part of the Golgi membrane pinches off.
10. The vesicle's contents may be used within the cell as in the case of lysosomes, or the vesicle's contents may exit the cell by exocytosis.