Give the details of World War 1 and 2. It's causes, consequences and results.?

Question

Please be precised and to the point.

Answer 1

What your asking for is a very arduous task. It is not just a simple explanation and to simplify it would be a matter of throwing away very important events. I suggest you read over what I sent you and see if it is simple.

World War I and its Consequences
I. Slide to War

1. ULTIMATUM


1. June 28, 1914: Assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie
2. 23 July, 1914: Austria, sure of backing by Germany, issues an ULTIMATUM to Serbia: stop backing terrorism, and allow Austrian police to enter Serbia.
3. Seeing that Germany backs Austria, Russia moves to back Serbia.
4. 28 July 1914, Austria declares war on Serbia.

2. MOBILIZATION


1. Everyone had war contingency plans, and these came into effect with the crisis.
2. 29 July, Russia orders general mobilization. The Russian plans had called for fighting both Germany and Austria, and could not be adapted to fighting only one of these. Within 5 days of Russian mobilization, Germany mobilized.
3. Germany had planned to fight both Russia and France, and plans could not be adapted to fighting only one of these.
4. The Schlieffen-Moltke plan called for German troops to attack France by going through Belgium.
5. August 2, 1914: Germany invades Belgium

3. Enter Britain

1. Britain had guaranteed Belgian neutrality.
2. Britain was allied with France.
3. The invasion of Belgium to attack France brought Britain into the war.
4. War propaganda portrayed Germans as savage barbarians who were slaughtering women and children.

II. Effects of the war

1. Casualties


1. Far higher than any earlier war. 8 to 10 million died on the battlefield, 22 million were injured. Among the dead were half of Eaton college; whole regiments of German university students; and the entire 1914 class of the military academy of St Cyr.
2. A world without men: lesbianism is stylish in the 1920s, because there are few men; hardly a family in Europe was not touched; death was sudden: In battles, men went "over the top" out of the trenches, with 30% casualties in the first 25 seconds, 50,000 killed in seven minutes. 2.5 million Russians were killed in 1915 alone.
3. In 1918, the great Influenza epidemic struck Europe and America, killing more persons in a year than the Black Death had done in the same time.

2. Growth of the State

1. Free enterprise was abandoned in favor of state-directed economy, even in the West
2. State took over foreign and domestic trade, fixed prices and wags
3. All workers were mobilized for war; WOMEN entered the public economy in a major way (after the war, they will not leave_

3. Military Technology

1. Machine gun (American invention) - at Mons, an entire German division was wiped out by one company with machine guns
2. Tanks will be introduced, and will dominate the next war
3. Trench warfare - a diaster.


III. Political Collapse

1. By 1915, small states like Serbia and Rumania were collapsing

2. The West

1. Mutinies devastated the French army in 1917
2. Italy "bled to death at Caporetto" - having joined the Allies, Italy loses me
3. Britain lost a generation and would not recover
4. Ireland, the Easter Rising of 1916 started the war of independence and then civil war that would bring about the Republic of Ireland.
5. The West was saved only by the arrival of troops from America

3. The East: "Fall of the Eagles"

1. Russians lose heavily in first years - peasants driven to the front with little training and less equopment
2. Russian Tsar deposed in favor of a civil government led by Kerensky
3. See Russian Revolution lecture
4. Russian revolutionaries get out of the war by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, giving up huge areas of land.

4. Collapse of Three Empires

1. Russian Empire: after fall of the Tsar, makes a separate peace, gives away a band of territory including Finland, Poland, and the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
2. German Empire: collapses in defeat, Kaiser fees to Belgium; military refuses to believe they lost, believe they were"stabbed int the back". The WEIMAR REPUBLIC limped ono the stage once the treaty goes into effect.
3. Austro-Hungarian Empire: dissolves. Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations will use its territory to create small states: Austria, Hungary, plus Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia; Romania.
4. Ottoman Empire: allied with Germany and Austria, it is taken apart by the Allies after the war, and carved up into "mandates" or protectorates: Syria, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Iran.

Peace-making, 1914

I. Acting on an Illusion


1. Fighting stopped only in the western front; elsewhere, war and revolution burned out of control


1. Allied armies fought Russian revolutionaries
2. Hungary dissolved into Marxist revolution
3. Irish war of independence heats up

2. The twentieth-century will be completely unexpected

1. Technology, plus mass movements, will make this a 20-year intermission rather than a peace.
2.

II. Meeting at Versailles

1. The Leaders

1. Clemenceau - France. Called "the Tiger" an old leader, utterly ruthless ("decimation" - the real thing - after mutinies in the army); despises other leaders; wants to cripple Germany to give time for France to recover; France is in ruins - wants reparations
2. Lloyd-George - for Britain. Socialist, Welsh politician. Stressed revenge.
3. Orlando - for Italy. Knew that Italian democracy would not survive unless he got concessions - got Trent, the Adriatic coast; democracy did not survive anyway.
4. Wilson - for the United States. The US had come late into the war, in the face of a powerful isolationist peace movement. President Wilson, a university history professor, had a grand Plan.
5. Germany not allowed to participate.
6. Russia convulsed by revolution, does not attend.

2. Wilson's Fourteen Points

1. Free and open diplomatic exchanges (no secret treaties)
2. Self-determination for ethnic groups that had formerly been part of empires - that is, Nation-States - but with some exceptions (Ireland not included; Arab states not included; Israel not included)
3. Creation of a League of Nations to oversee international peace.
4. Clemenceau and Lloyd-George not interested, but go along (Clemenceau: "Wilson has 14 points; God Almighty only had 10!")

3. Decisions

1. A band of small new states created out of chunks from the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman empires.
2. Other territories are distributed as Mandates, to be guided along to statehood. France got Lebanon and Syria; Britain got Iraq and Palestine; the territory that Germany had controlled in China went to Japan.
3. War Guilt laid on Germany alone
4. Germany ordered to pay reparations to France to make up for her losses
5. Germany forced to give up Alsace and Lorraine
6. The Saar region of Germany, its industrial heartland, is occupied by France.
7. The Rhineland (border between France and Germany) is de-militarized

III. Results

1. Clemenceau got a 20 year truce before Germany could attack again.
2. Britain looked victorious, but in fact was crippled. Without a strong Germany as a trading partner, she sank into depression.
3. Italy is also crippled by her war losses; Mussolini will come to power by 1922.

WWII

1931 Japanese forces violate the Kellogg Briand Pact and the Nine Power treaty by establishing rule over Manchuria, The following year, the Japanese set up the puppet government of Manchuko.

1933 Hitler and the Nazi Party assume power in Germany; within two years, Hitler establishes a fascist dictatorship.

1935 Italy invades Ethiopia; Italy annexes Ethiopia the following year.

US passes First Neutrality Act banning the sale of arms to nations at war and warning American citizens not to sail on belligerent ships.
1936 Hitler breaks the military restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles when he reoccupies the Rhineland in July.
US passes Second Neutrality Act banning loans to nations at war.
1937 Japan begins its invasion of China, occupying Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou. The Pacific phase of WWII begins.
US passes Third Neutrality Act making the initial prohibitions permanent and requiring, on a two-year trial basis, that all trade other than munitions be conducted on a cash and carry basis.
1938 Hitler announces his intention to unify all German-speaking people and lands and create a new German empire - the Third Reich. His first move was anschluss with Austria - occupying and annexing it to Germany.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler at the Munich Conference and accepts Germanyís annexation of the Czech Sudenland in return for Hitlerís promise that he would seek no more territory. Policy of appeasement.
1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia.
Italy attacks Albania.
USSR and Germany sign the Ribbonrop-Molotov Nonaggression Pact - a secret agreement that divided Poland between them and promised that one power would not fight the other. Frees Hitler from worrying about a Soviet attack
Germany invades Poland on September 1, beginning a blitzkrieg, or a "lightening war" as described by reporters. On September 3, Britain and France declare war on Germany. World War II begins. US proclaims neutrality.
Manhattan Project begins in which the US spends $2 billion to develop an atomic bomb based on the fission of radioactive uranium and plutonium.
1940 Soviets invade Finland and Baltic nations.
Germany occupies most of Western Europe.
Japan signs the Tri-Partite Pact with Germany and Italy, a defensive treaty that confronted the US with a possible two-ocean war.
Roosevelt declares army weapons and supplies "surplus" so they can be sold to Britain and trades 30 old destroyers to Britain in return for leases to eight naval bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and the Caribbean.
Congress passes Selective Service Act, first peacetime draft in American history. Initially brings 1.6 million men into the army.
1941 Congress passes the Lend Lease Act allowing the president to lend or lease supplies to any country whose defense was vital to American security. In return for American aid, Britain agreed to open all her markets to American trade.
In July, US freezes all Japanese assets and stops all trade - including oil (Americans being the only source of oil to Japan).
Roosevelt and Churchill negotiate the Atlantic Charter - a set of "common principles" that promised a "better future for the world" - self government and free trade for all nations, end to territorial seizures, and abandonment of war as means to achieve ends.
Germany invades the Soviet Union. Shortly thereafter, the US extends Lend-Lease aid to the Soviets.
On December 7, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor - killing 2,300 American soldiers and sailors and wounding 1,200. US enters WWII on December 8th. On December 11th, Germany declares war on US.
1942 Japanese conquer the Philippines.
In June, US defeats the Japanese at Midway, leaving the US in control of the Central Pacific.
US troops invade North Africa.
1943 Early in the year, the defensive phase of the war with Japan is over: US drives the Japanese from Guadacanal and off the north coast of New Guinea, and prepares to penetrate the Gilbert, Marshall, and Caroline Islands and recapture the Philippines.
Soviets defeat Germans at Stalingrad.
US forces invade Italy.
Leaders of the Big Three powers - US, Britain, Russia - meet at the Tehran Conference to discuss the creation of a future world organization devoted to collective security at war's end.
1944 On June 6, US forces invade France at Normandy and begin pushing the Germans back; Paris liberated in August and Allied troops reached the Rhine in September.
US forces capture Philippines.
Soviet forces liberate Eastern Europe.
1945 In February, the Big Three leaders met at the Yalta Conference where Stalin wins several important concessions: retains his plan for communist domination of Poland and the Balkans and given extensive concessions in Asia, including control over Manchuria. In return, Stalin promises to enter the Pacific war three months after Germany surrendered, to provide free elections in Poland, and to accept the temporary partitioning of Germany.
Feb. 19 begins the American assault on Iwo Jima - almost all of the 21,000 Japanese defenders on the island were killed; Americans lost one-third of their landing force (6,821) and 20,000 others were wounded.
In late March, Allied forces advance into Germany and Hitler commits suicide on April 30. Shortly thereafter, the Italians capture Mussolini and hang him.
On April 1, American forces land on Okinawa and secure the northern part of the island. Five days later, Americans take heavy losses along the Japanese defensive lines. 900 Japanese plans, including 300 kamikazi pilots bombed the American fleet, killing 5,000 sailors. By the end of June, Okinawa was in American hands but the cost was enormous - 12,000 Americans died, 110,000 Japanese and 160,000 civilians died.
April 12, FDR dies and Harry Truman assumes presidency.
May 7, all German forces accept unconditional surrender. War in Europe is over. Allied forces begin to liberation to concentration camps.
In July, US successfully tests the first atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert.
In July, Truman, Atlee, and Stalin attend the Potsdam Conference during which they demanded Japan's unconditional surrender and debated wartime reparations. No one could agree on how to govern postwar Europe, so they divided it instead, providing for occupation zones in Germany (although they promised to treat the nation as one economic unit.)
On August 6, US drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and on August 9, drops a second bomb on Nagasaki.
On August 14, Japan unconditionally surrenders. War in the Pacific is over.

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Traditional Beliefs about US entrance into WWII
1. To demonstrate that fascism was wrong and democracy was superior.

Reality: While US was more democratic than much of the world, it still held onto many undemocratic principles that favored the corporate elite at the expense of labor, as well as policies that imprisoned those who disagreed with the nation's war-time policies.
2. To restore freedom, and equality to Europe - the primary characteristics of American political, social and economic life.
Reality: Inequality was ingrained in American society and freedom was routinely denied many Americans. Examples: black and white racism, sexism, Japanese relocation camps.
3. To help shape the peace in the postwar world by respecting "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live." (Atlantic Charter)
Reality: Two weeks before signing the Charter, US assured the French government that they could keep their empire intact in French Indochina, despite the Vietnamese stated desire for independence.
4. To stop what FDR called "inhuman barbarism that has profoundly shocked the conscience of humanity" - bombing atrocities and Jewish concentration camps.
Reality: The US also engaged in atrocities that "shocked the conscience of humanity." Examples: the fire bombings of Dresden and Tokyo; the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; and the Japanese relocation camps.

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Two Visions of Post War World
American Vision:

Creation of a strong world organization that would cooperate to deter aggression.
Establishment of collective security whereby member nations would not appease aggressors.
Creation of a strong and prosperous world.
Russian Vision:
Treatment as a mjaor world power.
Reduction of Germany's power and prestige through division and demilitarization.
Creation of geographical security in which Russia would be surrounded by "friendly" governments in neighboring east European states with social systems of government.




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The Consequences of World War II
1. Enormous human and economic costs

2. Division of Europe through the creation of the "Iron Curtain."

3. The beginning of the Cold War

4. Significant benefits for the US and Americans.

The Depression ended.
Many previously unemployable Americans found new, but short-lived, job opportunities - Mexicans, Native Americans, African Americans, women.
Capitalism remained intact and strengthened.
A permanent war time economy emerged.
The role of the federal government was strengthened.
The nation underwent a permanent demographic shift by moving in greater numbers to cities.
The GI bill was passed and helped many Americans achieve the American Dream.
5. Creation of the United Nations and introduction of worldwide collective security.
6. Introduction of nuclear weaponry and escalation of arms race.

7. Use of U.S. policy to institutionalize racism and terrorism through the placement of Japanese Americans in "relocation" camps.



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Actions that Reinforced Racism against the Japanese

Governmental policies and citizen actions that created an atmosphere of fear and terror among all Japanese living in the US.

Nisei generation - Japanese who were American citizens - could not leave the US.
Issei generation - Japanese who were not citizens and could not become citizens - were proclaimed "enemy aliens whose bank accounts and liquid assets were frozen.
Governmental policies that placed the Japanese into "relocation" camps.
Government organized the camps around a divide and conquer mentality.
Japanese were subjected to physical desolation.
Japanese lived in daily fear because they did not know when they would be released or what was expected of them in the camps.

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Chronology of Japanese Internment
1941

Dec. 7 War with Japan. US declared war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in which 2,300 American soldiers and sailors were killed and 1,200 wounded.

A blanket presidential warrant authorized U.S. Attorney General Francis Biddle to have the FBI arrest a predetermined number of "dangerous enemy aliens," including German, Italian, and Japanese nationals. 737 Japanese Americans arrested by the end of the day.

Dec.11 FBI detained 1370 Japanese Americans classified as "dangerous enemy aliens."

1942

Jan. 5 Japanese American selective service registrants classified as enemy aliens. Many Japanese American soldiers discharged or assigned to menial labor.

Jan.28 The California State Personnel Board voted to bar from all civil service positions, all "descendants of natives with whom the United States [is] at war." Only enforced against Japanese Americans.

Feb. 4 US Army established 12 "restricted areas" placing enemy aliens on a 9 pm to 6 am curfew and allowing travel only to and from work.

Feb.14 Memorandum to War Department submitted by General J.L. De Witt, designated commander of the Western Defense, recommended mass evacuation of the Japanese.

Feb. 19 Executive Order No. 9066, authorized by FDR, permitted the War Department to prescribe Military Areas for Japanese relocation, to evacuate any or all persons from these areas, and to relocate them in internment camps. The only significant opposition came from the Quakers and the American Civil Liberties Union.

March Executive Order. Established the War Relocation Authority (WRA), a civilian agency to administer the military evacuation and internment. On March 24, General De Witt issued the first of 108 separate orders moving all persons of Japanese ancestry to the prescribed Military Areas, and prohibiting them from refusing to move or to leave the areas.

Aug. 7 All persons of Japanese ancestry had been removed to internment camps, approximately 120,000 people from California, Oregon, and Washington.

The 442nd Regimental Combat Team was formed, consisting entirely of Asian Americans. By the war's end, it was one of the most decorated units in US military history, with its members receiving over 18,000 individual decorations.

1943

June Hirabayashi vs US. Gordon Hirabayashi, a senior at the University of Washington, challenged military evacuation and curfew orders and was arrested, convicted and jailed. Hirabayashi argued that the orders were an unconstitutional delegation of power and that to them only against citizens of Japanese ancestry amounted to a constitutionally prohibited discrimination solely on account of race. Supreme Court upheld the curfew order as a legitimate exercise of governmentís power to take steps necessary to prevent espionage and sabotage in an area threatened by Japanese attack.

Yasui v. U.S. In late 1942, Minoru Yasui, an Oregon lawyer, was arrested for violating curfew orders. His lawyers argued the government's restrictions were unconstitutional because they were based upon racial prejudice, not military necessity. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled the government could restrict the lives of civilian citizens during wartime. After spending 9 months in solitary confinement, Yasui was released to an internment camp at Minidoka.

1944

Jan.20 Secretary of War Stimson announced that Japanese Americans were eligible for the draft.

July 18 In Cheyenne, Wyoming, a federal district court convicted 63 men from Heart Mountain internment camp of draft resistance and sentenced them to 3 years in federal penitentiary. Seven other leaders and newspaper editor James Omura were arrested for conspiracy to encourage draft resistance.

July 29 Federal judge dismissed indictments against 26 Tule Lake draft resisters, declaring "It is shocking... that an American citizen be confined on the ground of disloyalty, and then... be compelled to serve in the armed forces, or be prosecuted for not."

Nov. James Omura acquitted, but the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee leaders were sentenced to three years imprisonment for conspiracy. In January 1945, the Court of Appeals reversed the conspiracy convictions of the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee leaders on technical grounds, but they remained in prison until March, 1946.

Dec.14 Korematsu vs. US. In 1942, Fred Korematsu refused to obey evacuation orders. He was arrested, convicted, and jailed. Upon appeal, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of mass evacuation, concluding: "Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures, because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily, and finally, because Congress, reposing its confidence in this time of war in our military leadersóas inevitably it mustó determined that they should have the power to do just this. There was evidence of disloyalty on the part of some, the military authorities considered that the need for action was great and time was short. We cannotóby availing ourselves of the calm perspective of hindsightónow say that these actions were unjustified."

Dec.19 In Ex Parte Mitsuye Endo the US Supreme Court found that Endo could no longer be retained in a relocation center and should immediately "be given her liberty." Writing for the majority, Justice Murphy declared: "I am of the view that detention in Relocation Centers of persons of Japanese ancestry regardless of loyalty is not only unauthorized by Congress or the Executive, but is another example of the unconstitutional resort to racism inherent in the entire evacuation program...racial discrimination of this nature bears no reasonable relation to military necessity and is utterly foreign to the ideals and traditions of the American people." Within 48 hours after the Supreme Courtís decision, the government announced that all mass exclusion orders would be revoked and effective January 2, 1945, at which time the Japanese Americans could go home.


This is a broad topic, but a few points can be made.

WWII ended the regional power structures around the world. By this I mean that before WWII there were many regional power arenas. After WWII there developed only two.....Soviet and American. Almost all other nations lined up either for or against these two. This situation stood for almost fifty years. In recent years you have begun to see an erosion of this system and a return to the regional power structure. Examples would include the German/French led European Union and the emergence of China in the Far East.

Another outcome of the war was the ending of the colonial empire structure. France and Britain to a large extent, fought WWII to keep their dominance over third world peoples. They and their minor allies (Belgium/Netherlands) were all impoverished by the war and unable to maintain their vast dominions. Eventually the colonial collapse spread even to Russia. Thus today we have far more 'nations' on earth than at any time in history.

Another outcome of the war was the gigantic spread of international agreements such as the UN, world trade, SEATO, NATO, Warsaw Pact, etc. These vast and overlapping agreements have led to unprecedented international trade and finance. The USA had long held for freer trade and the collapse of the European colonial empires gave the USA a chance to spread economic freedom. With the empires of France and Britain finally dead, true freedom via trade and economics came about with unprecedented improvements in world living standards.

Another outcome would be the end of 'total war'. Who knows how long this will last, but the incredible destruction of WWII by conventional and nuclear arms has ended, thank goodness, the determination of one nation to completely destroy their opponents (aka 'unconditional surrender'). Thus wars since WWII have tended to be brutal and involved but have lacked the total destruction, all out slaughter, of WWII.




Answer

A consequence of ww2's ending is Hiroshima being bombed, and vaporizing everyone within a 70 mile radius.

Answer 2

Details About World War 1

Answer 3

This Site Might Help You.

RE:
Give the details of World War 1 and 2. It's causes, consequences and results.?
Please be precised and to the point.

Answer 4

Have you seen how thick William Shirer's book is? The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich has got to be the most detailed account of WW2 that i've seen in one publication. I'm not too much into WWI to give you an opinion. But telling you the details here on the YAHOO.ANSWERS seems to be hilarious.

Answer 5

You are joking of course so I will take two points and wish you good luck.

Answer 6

All in this small space??There are volumes written abut each. Get a few and read them.

Chow!!