maritime republic?

Answer 1

before Venice: Greece, Carthage, Rome;
after Venice Hanseatic Leauge of the Baltic;

then England

then the United States of America

Answer 2

The Martime Republics were Italian City-States in the middle ages, the main four were Amalfi, Pisa, Genoe, and Venice. They all had large fleets and controlled overseas territories, they also tended to fight amongst themselves a lot.