Who is Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois?

Answer 1

Washington was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama and a leading racial accomodationist.

DuBois was one of the founders of the NAACP, and instrumental in the Niagara Movement, and he was actively opposed to Washington, claiming that blacks needed to educate and train their 'talented tenth' to lead blacks to equality.

Answer 2

Booker T. Washington was known for his support od ***** colleges. He was about 10 when the Cival war ended. He graduated from Hamptom institute, a ***** college in Hampton Virginia. He headed up the Tuskegee institute, a vocational school for blacks in Tuskegee, Alabama.

Answer 3

Booker T. Washington:

"About.com" gives:

Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, became one of the most controversial
After he graduated, he experimented with different options. He taught school in Malden, studied at a Baptist seminary, and worked in a lawyer’s office. After trying his hand at various careers, Washington returned to Hampton where he settled into teaching for the next two years.

In 1881, Armstrong recommended him for the position of principal of a new black school, which was to be established in Tuskegee, Alabama. Washington was given the position, and with only two thousand dollars, he founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.

Tuskegee was an all-black school with an all-black faculty. Its teaching methods were modeled after the missionary method of Hampton. Emphasis was placed on self-determination, the skilled trades, and economic independence. Tuskegee also emphasized community. The Institute often bought surrounding farmland, and sold it to small landowners and homeowners. By 1888, four hundred students were enrolled, and it owned five hundred acres of land.

Not long after the success of the school, Washington, “The Wizard of Tuskegee,” garnered nationwide notoriety. He received national attention in 1895 when he made his speech, “The Atlanta Compromise” at the Cotton States and International Exposition. In his speech, he asserted that blacks and whites could remain separate in social matters, but in economic matters, there should not be any barriers to advancement. He also downgraded the importance of civil and political rights. In essence, Washington adopted a stance that appeared to tolerate segregation and discrimination.

After his address at the Exposition, whites and some blacks accepted Washington as a black leader. This new public position helped Washington promote and raise money for Tuskegee. Because of his views on race relations, Washington successfully entreated financial aid from wealthy whites and northern philanthropists. Shortly after 1895, Tuskegee was expanded nationwide. In 1900, Washington began another endeavor; he founded the National ***** Business League.

Washington was also a gifted speaker. In addition to speaking about the importance of economic self-sufficiency, he spoke about his opposition to universal suffrage, and believed that if enforced fairly, literacy and property tests should be used. He spoke separately to white and black audiences, and was able to appeal to both. To white audiences he appealed to them by using black stereotypes, and often succeeded in gaining their support based on mutual interest, but not ideological agreement. To black audiences he appealed to them by telling them not to cower to whites.

While Washington had a loyal following among some whites and blacks, his views were criticized by those in northern cities, southern black colleges, and educated black professionals who believed in political and civil rights, liberal education, and free expression.
Sponsored Links

The DNA Ancestry Project.Trace your ancestral roots with DNA Discover your ethnic origins.www.dnaancestryproject.com

Booker T WashingtonGreat deals on Booker T Washington Shop on eBay and Save!www.eBay.com

African Women For DatingAfrican women seek love, dating and marriage in the UK. Join free todaywww.AfroIntroductions.com
Critics called him many names such as, Pope Washington, the Black Boss, The Benedict Arnold of the ***** Race, and the Great Traitor.

Critics such as William Monroe Trotter and W.E.B. Du Bois were among his most vocal opponents. Trotter, founder of the Boston Guardian, caused a stir in 1903 when he interrupted Washington’s speech at a Boston Church. Trotter inundated Washington with questions that challenged his views, but his questions remained unanswered when Washington ignored him. Trotter was quickly arrested for disorderly conduct. The event was widely reported in newspapers, and became known as the “Boston Riot.”

Another vocal critic, W.E. B. Du Bois, agreed with many of Trotter’s criticism of Washington, and believed that Washington was misguided in his assertion that blacks should seek economic equality first. Du Bois instead asserted that economic security was not enough, and that blacks must become educated.

Although Washington publicly asserted that economic stability was most important, after his death when The Booker T. Washington Papers became public, it became known that he also tried to change lynching, disenfranchisement, and unequal facilities in education and transportation.

Among his several projects, Washington secretly worked with the National Afro-American Council on a court case that tested the constitutionality of a Louisiana grandfather clause. He funded the case with his own money and with the money of northern liberal white friends. Washington also had his lawyer secretly challenge an Alabama grandfather clause. It went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but lost on technicalities.

Washington also helped blacks who could not afford legal services. In one case, Washington got the criminal verdict against a black man overturned because blacks were excluded from the jury that had convicted him. In addition, Washington and two southern white attorneys got an Alabama peonage law declared unconstitutional after farm laborer, Alonzo Bailey, was held in peonage for debt.

After spending the latter part of his life serving as president of Tuskegee and as a black leader, on November 14, 1915, Washington died of arteriosclerosis at St. Luke’s Hospital in New York. While Washington’s views and priority of economic self-sufficiency over civil and political rights were controversial, Washington created a successful educational institution that is still in existence today and has become the degree granting college, Tuskegee University.

W.E.B. Dubois

"http://www.math.buffalo.edu" gives

William Edward Burghardt DuBois was one of this country's most distinguished educators. Born in a small village in Massachusetts in 1868, DuBois first came face to face with the realities of racism in 19th century America while attending Fisk University in Nashville. It was while completing his graduate studies at Harvard that DuBois wrote an exhaustive study of the history of the slave trade -- one that is still considered one of the most comprehensive on that subject.

In 1895 he was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Havard University.

In 1897, DuBois took a position with Atlanta University. During his tenure there he conducted extensive studies of the social conditions of blacks in America. At the 1900 Paris World's Fair, DuBois created a full-scale exhibit of African American achievement since the Emancipation Procamation in industrial work, literature, and journalism. It included photodocumentation on educational institutions such as Tuskeegee, Fisk, and Howard. Congress approved of $15,000 for installation, and it was installed - off midway and in the Social Economy section of the Liberal Arts building where it languished compared with the negative Midway exhibits.

In 1903 he wrote The Souls of Black Folk (which may be read online here) which serves as the underpinning of access to many of his ideas.

In 1905 W.E.B. Dubois, John Hope, Monroe Trotter and 27 others met secretly in the home of Mary B. Talbert, a prominant member of Buffalo's Michigan Street Baptist Church, to adopt the resolutions which lead to the founding of the Niagara Movement. The Niagara Movement will renounce Booker T. Washington's accommodation policies set forth in his famed "Atlanta Compromise" speech ten years earlier. The Niagara Movement's manifesto is, in the words of Du Bois, "We want full manhood suffrage and we want it now.... We are men! We want to be treated as men. And we shall win." The movement will be a forerunner of the NAACP.

Despite the establishment of 30 branches and the achievement of a few scattered civil-rights victories at the local level, the group suffered from organizational weakness and lack of funds as well as a permanent headquarters or staff, and it never was able to attract mass support. After the Springfield (Ill.) Race Riot of 1908, however, white liberals joined with the nucleus of Niagara "militants" and founded the NAACP the following year, 1909. The Niagara Movement disbanded in 1910, with the leadership of Du Bois forming the main continuity between the two organizations.

Throughout the first half of the 20th Century, W.E.B. DuBois continued to work as an author, lecturer and educator. His teachings were an important influence on the Civil Rights Movement of the'50s and'60s. Ironically, DuBois died on the eve of the historic march on Washington in 1963. Actor and playwright Ossie Davis read an announcement of his death to the 250,000 people gathered the next day at the Washington Monument.

It is amazing what just a little research on the net can produce. Hope this helps.