After having nearly conquered Europe, the Islamic states, particularly the Ottoman Empire suffered major reverses between 1700 and 1920. Please tell me the nature of these reverses and the reason for them.
2007-03-27 10:17:47 · 2 answers · asked by rb333999 1 in Arts & Humanities ➔ History
Well, the truth is that at the peak of a state You can see the roots of its end....In Ottoman Empire it was corruption, huge army, consisted of Christian children kidnapped,..., medieval aggro system...terrible judicial system...And then the Rebellions started:Greek, Serbian, ........Turks entered the war with Russia....reasons are many....
2007-03-27 10:30:37 · answer #1 · answered by Romentari 3 · 0⤊ 0⤋
Decline of the Ottoman Empire..
Through a series of treaties of capitulation from the 16th to the 18th cent. the Ottoman Empire gradually lost its economic independence.
The rebellion (1875) of Bosnia and Herzegovina precipitated the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, in which Turkey was defeated. Romania (i.e., Walachia and Moldavia), Serbia, and Montenegro were declared fully independent, and Bosnia and Herzegovina passed under Austrian administration. Bulgaria, made a virtually independent principality, annexed (1885) Eastern Rumelia with impunity.
Sultan Abd al-Majid, who in 1839 issued a decree containing an important body of civil reforms, was followed (1861) by Abd al-Aziz, whose reign witnessed the rise of the liberal party. A liberal constitution was framed by Midhat, and the first Turkish parliament opened in 1877, but the sultan soon dismissed it and began a rule of personal despotism.
The Armenian massacres of the late 19th century turned world public opinion against Turkey. Abd al-Hamid was victorious in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, but Crete, which had been the issue, was ultimately gained by Greece.
Collapse
In 1908 the Young Turk movement, a reformist and strongly nationalist group, forced the restoration of the constitution of 1876, and in 1909 the parliament deposed the sultan and put Muhammad V on the throne. In the two successive Balkan Wars (1912–13), Turkey lost nearly its entire territory in Europe to Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and newly independent Albania.
The nationalism of the Young Turks, whose leader Enver Pasha gained virtual dictatorial power by a coup in 1913, antagonized the remaining minorities in the empire.
The outbreak of World War I found Turkey lined up with the Central Powers. Although Turkish troops succeeded against the Allies in the Gallipoli campaign (1915), Arabia rose against Turkish rule, and British forces occupied (1917) Baghdad and Jerusalem. In 1918, Turkish resistance collapsed in Asia and Europe. An armistice was concluded in October, and the Ottoman Empire came to an end.
The Treaty of Sèvres (see Sèvres, Treaty of) confirmed its dissolution. With the victory of the Turkish nationalists, who had refused to accept the peace terms and overthrew the sultan in 1922, modern Turkey's history bega
Read about the Ottoman Empire here
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0860176.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
2007-03-27 17:35:27 · answer #2 · answered by Jerry 7 · 0⤊ 0⤋