In Psychology, what would primary reinforcement & secondary reinforcement be??

Question

...with regards to classical conditioning?

Answer 1

Classical conditioning does not involve reinforcement. Behavioral conditioning does. An example of primary and secondary reinforcement in behavioral (Skinnerian) conditioning is money given as a reward (reinforcement) for desired behavior. Secondary reinforcement would be what one buys with the money.

Answer 2

Primary Reinforcer

Answer 3

Primary reinforcement and secondary reinforcement are poth positive forms of reinforcement.

The key difference between them is:

Primary reinforcement is any form of reinforcement that the subject will naturally regard as satisfying. The subject doesn't have to learn to value whatever is being offered as reinforcement. Like Skinner's pigeons pecking on the bar to get a supply of seeds to eat.

Secondary reinforcement is anything which the subject has to LEARN to regard as positive through experience. Therefore these are usually referred to as "learned" or "conditioned" reinforcement. An example of secondary reinforcement would be monetary reward (money itself isn't satisfying to eat, but we learn how to use money to buy food).

Answer 4

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Secondary is a reinforcement of a new behaviour on top of a behaviour you have already reinforced. Like a pidgeon who has learned to peck and then after that learned to peck and then jump, in order to get food.

Answer 5

Primary reinforcement refers to consequences that are not learned, rather they are basic to people. There are three basic things considered to be primary reinforcers: food, sex and drink. People do have to be taught to like those, they are natural to us. We engage in behavior to get those basic things in our lives.

Secondary reinforcement refers to about everything else that we have learned to like in our lives. We learn to like social praise or acceptance if it is paired with primary reinforcers. When we are taught as children to do something we are often rewarded with food or drink AND at that time social praise (good job, nice work, you did that right) is added and we begin to learn to like compliments.

Other reinforcers like money are considered generalized reinforcers because we can use money to get other things, like food, sex and drink. We learn to like lost of other things, movies, music, talking, listening, being lazy, being active because of the consequences of doing those things.

With regard to classical conditioning, it is more of a reflex response than a reinforcer. When a bright light is presented towards our eyes, our eyes automatically blink. It is reinforced in the sense that if we did not do that, we could lose our sight however classical conditioning is more about how our body responds to stimuli and the conditioning aspect is from the presence of other things when the situation occurs. An example is learning to be afraid of the dark. IF we hear a loud noise (UCR) then we have a reflex response of fear, as manifested by being scared and we tend to tighten our muscles, react in a startled fashion and our heart speeds up, our throat gets dry. IF we hear a loud noise in the dark (a neutral stimulus) then the dark and the loud noise together are both present when we have our fear/startle response. Later being in the dark can start those reactions, the fear response, tight muscles, heart rate increase, dry throat.

Classical conditioning is not best described as a reinforcement process. Reinforcement is best used to describe operant conditioning.

Answer 6

Classical conditioning - famous experiment with Pavlov and the dog. The dog is shown meat and salivates. The meat is the primary reinforcer. Then, every time the dog is shown meat, a bell is sounded. Eventually, when the bell is sounded, the dog salivates. The bell has become the secondary reinforcer. In order to maintain it's power as a reinforcer, the bell has to be occasionally paired with the meat (or else it is extinguished).

Hope that helps.