Explain in simple terms both, Chemiosmosis & substrate level phosphorylation!?

Question

This is for a beginning course of molecular and celluler biology, so just need to know the basic theory of the processes.

Answer 1

Chemiosmosis is the transfer of ions through a concentration gradient (sometimes seperated by a membrane).

For substrate level phosphorylation, it is the process by which energy in the form of ATP is made by the cell. It covers glycolysis where glucose is converted to smaller intermediaries as ATP is generated from ADP with its final end-product of Acetyl-CoA. It also occurs in the Krebs cycle as Acetyl CoA is further metabolized. This is different than oxidative phosphorylation which takes place in the mitochondria. By the way, other nucleotides can be phosphorylated as well.

Answer 2

chemiosmosis is the movement of particles (usually protons) across a membrane. there is usually a pH gradient and a concentration gradient associated with it as well. Substrate level phosphorylation usually occurs in the Krebs cycle of the mitochondria during respiration. it only means that an ADP molecule accepts an inorganic Pi from one of the substances that are in the krebs cycle

Answer 3

Chemiosmosis is the the diffusion of ions through a medium/membrane.

Substrate level phosphorylation is the amount of phosphate PO4 added to a protein or small molecule i think

Answer 4

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The production of ATP by chemiosmosis involves the electron transport chain and the generation of a H+ gradient during the passage of the electrons and occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. Substrate level phosphorylation occurs completely independently of electron transport - eg. in the latter stages of glycolysis in the cytoplasm. The two are completely separate processes.