differentiate transcription from translation?

Answer 1

Transcription: DNA is too large to leave the nucleus. If the program it contains must leave the nucleus, an intermediate must be produced. This intermediate is called m-RNA.

Translation: t-RNA : a specialized form of RNA used to carry a specific amino acid to the ribosome and place it in the proper position. t-RNA contains 80 nucleotides in the form of a clover leaf. The t-RNA must attach the correct amino acid to itself.
There are 3 steps to protein synthesis:

1. Initiation: m-RNA binds to the small subunit of the ribosome. There is 1 binding site for the m-RNA, and 2 binding sites for the t-RNA. The P site holds for the t-RNA carrying the growing polypeptide and the A site for the t-RNA carrying the next amino acid. AUG ( start codon ) is in place and the appropriate t-RNA delivers the amino acid Methionine. The large sub unit then joins and creates a functional ribosome.

2. Elongation: The chain moves from the 5' - 3' direction caused by the use of GTP and several protein-enzyme complexes. As the polypeptide chain is produced the t-RNA move from site A to site P, and then are released into the cytoplasm. The polypeptide chain continues to grow, and is held to the ribosome by the t-RNA at the P site.

3. Termination: The termination codons: UAA, UAG, and UGA stop the process by adding water to the end of the chain instead of an amino acid. In order for the protein to become functional, it must be folded into its appropriate shape,and/ or have some amino acids removed, and/or have some of the polypeptides modified by adding sugars or phosphate groups to them.

Answer 2

transcription is when DNA is used to make mRNA. this is so that the genetic information needed for protein production would be able to travel out of the nuclear envelope and into the cell environment where translation takes place.

translation is when mRNA is attached to the ribosomes and it is read and its information is "translated" into protein. in this process, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes according to what the mRNA codons encoded, and the amino acids are then linked to form protein.

Answer 3

There is something in biology called "The Central Dogma". It's something like this: DNA ---(through transcription)----> RNA ------(through translation)------> Proteins. Transcription pretty muchs means that you are "transcribing" DNA into RNA. Then in order to go from RNA to proteins, you need to "translate" RNA into proteins. You need to do this "translation" in order to go from nucleotides (RNA) to amino acids (proteins).
Hope this helps!

Answer 4

Transcription: DNA is transcribed to mRNA (DNA -----> RNA)
Translation: mRNA is translated to proteins (mRNA----> Protein)
Think of it this way: DNA and RNA are made of almost the same bases (U/T, G, A, C) so mRNA is TRANSCRIBED from DNA, but proteins are made of different sub units (amino acids) like a different language; therefore proteins are TRANSLATED from mRNA.

Answer 5

transcription is when mRNA is transcribed from DNA (in eukaryotes this is in the nucleus). Translation is when protein is made of of the mRNA (in the cytosol)