how to make soap?

Answer 1

Soap is made by mixing lye and water with fats or oil. Through a complex chemical reaction lye which is also called sodium hydroxide (a base) converts Fats or Oil (an acid) to soap. This process is called saponification. When oil or fats (acid) come into contact with the lye or sodium hydroxide (base) the saponification process begins with the lye turning the oil/fat into a completely new substance that we know as soap. The process changes the two substances into a thicker and more uniform solution. The point at which the solution begins to thicken is called a trace. Any oils/fats or other ingredients added at this point will not be substantially converted and will basically remain in the soap in their original form. At the trace stage the soap can be poured into molds where it will continue to harden. The chemical reaction will continue for about 3 weeks at which time the soap is hard and ready to use.

The process that the home soapmaker will use is referred to as "cold process soapmaking". Even though it is called a cold process, heat is required for the chain reaction to take place. This heat is provided by the chain reaction of the water and the lye and their incorporation into the oil or fat. (You will notice that when the lye is poured into the water it heats up immediately) Stirring the oil/fat/lye mixture helps this process to continue and to be uniform.

Answer 2

One of the organic chemical reactions known to ancient man was the preparation of soaps through a reaction called saponification. Natural soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, originally made by boiling lard or other animal fat together with lye or potash (potassium hydroxide). Hydrolysis of the fats and oils occurs, yielding glycerol and crude soap.

The chemical structure can be found here:
http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/blsapon.htm

In the industrial manufacture of soap, tallow (fat from animals such as cattle and sheep) or vegetable fat is heated with sodium hydroxide. Once the saponification reaction is complete, sodium chloride is added to precipitate the soap. The water layer is drawn off the top of the mixture and the glycerol is recovered using vacuum distillation.

The crude soap obtained from the saponification reaction contains sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and glycerol. These impurities are removed by boiling the crude soap curds in water and re-precipitating the soap with salt. After the purification process is repeated several times, the soap may be used as an inexpensive industrial cleanser. Sand or pumice may be added to produce a scouring soap. Other treatments may result in laundry, cosmetic, liquid, and other soaps.

Answer 3

thats a good question. the process of making soap is called 'saponification'. u need animal fat or vegetable oil and then react it with sodium hydroxide. this whole thing is done in a tank like think in which there are layers where NaOH is mixed with fat or oil. the reaction is as follows:

Animal Fat Or Vegetable Oil+ NaOH--------------> Soap+ Glycerin

Answer 4

Sodium Hydroxide, animal fats, vegetable oils, caustic soda are used to manufacture soap.
Refer to http://www.kitchendoctor.com/articles/soap.html for

Answer 5

go to the store like Michael's craft store and buy a kit!!!
very easy and they have different model and scents and everything you need!!!!!!!!

Answer 6

1st rule of Fight Club: you do not talk about Fight club.

2nd rule of Fight Club: YOU DO NOT TALK ABOUT FIGHT CLUB