what is gender budgeting?

Answer 1

Gender budgeting includes range of strategies examining whether gender rhetoric are reflected in government spending and taxation policy. It links gender equality with budget and promotes more equitable and transparent budgetary process and more efficient use of public resources. Thus, gender budgeting is very successful both in economic and gender sense. Besides, gender budgeting is not by itself pro state nor contra state. Sometimes, market could be better for women than paternalistic state.

Government budget’s functions are allocation of resources, distribution of income and wealth and stabilization of the economy. Government budget reflects the values of the country. In broadest sense, it shows total public expenditures (consumption, maintenance, investment) and revenues (tax money). Also, government different sectoral budgets show public expenditures and revenues for particular sectors (education, health, transport, agriculture, finance, defence, etc.). Budget is often done in gender blind economic framework with lack of socio-economic statistics, transparency and participation.

Whole economics is study of how limited resources are distributed, allocated and used by people within the economy at the levels of global (world), macro (states), mezzo (sectors, communities), micro (households, firms, individuals). Any analysis of economy in feminist sense is grounded in an understanding of unequal power relations between women and men and about need to transform those power relations towards gender equality. Gender analysis in economics provides tools that can identify gender inequalities within economy; define gender objectives for economic policies; and develop gender indicators to monitor how gender objectives are met.

There are some very useful tools for a gender budget analysis :

1. Gender aware policy appraisal should analyze the policy objectives and shows are policies and their associated resources likely to reduce or increase gender inequalities. It is looking at the policy in relation with care economy and opportunity costs and follows its impact on gender lines.

2. Gender disaggregated beneficiary assessments assume to find and to do the survey on the data in different studies to find out what are needs of women and children, their particular problems and gendered structure at the sectoral level (overview of sectoral inputs, outcomes and impact disaggregated to gender) always taking care economy and gender- differentiated cross-sectoral linkages into account.

3. Gender-disaggregated public expenditure incidence analysis about budget itself to compare public expenditure for some programme with the distribution of expenditure between women and men, boys and girls to show who benefits (for example, percent of public spending for education for boys and girls).

4. Gender disaggregated tax incidence analysis to examine both direct and indirect taxes paid by individuals and households, measuring gender difference in tax burden.

5. Gender-disaggregated analysis of the impact of the budget on time use to examine the relation between the way time is used in the national budget and the households, taking into account care economy, time use studies, rural and urban differences and male and female children.

6. Gender-aware medium term policy framework to incorporate gender into economic models and sectoral budgets

7. Gender aware budget statement to ensure coordination through ministries of government, parliament and non-government organizations.

Budget is the most important government political decision, because it assumes allocation and reallocation of the resources. Budgets are instruments for allocation of resources according to social priorities. Therefore budgets should follow the principles of efficiency and equity. Budget policy could follow patriarchal values of the society or it could make attempts to transform them towards the gender equality.

A government's budget represents a statement of its priorities. During the past 25 years, the international community has recognized that gender equality is essential for sustainable economic growth and full social development, and it has called upon nations to use their budgets to promote genderequitable resource allocation and revenue generation. More than 60 countries have answered this call by implementing gender-responsive budgets at the national and subnational levels.
......all the best.

Answer 2

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