difference between hegemony, monarchy and oligarchy?

Answer 1

an hegemony happens when a group of people or a set of norms are dominant over other groups. their rules and standars are taken as the dominant and things to follow, but it doesn't necessarily mean or imply political power.

An oligarchy is a goverment where the power rests in an elite, a selected few (the power of the few)

In a monarchy (an absolute one anyway) the power rests in the monarch (the power of one)

Answer 2

Most western monarchies have a titular head of state (king or queen) and a Prime Minister who is the real boss. Republics don't seem to have a set pattern. Some have dictators, others have elected presidents. In present day Europe it doesn't seem to make much difference. We're ruled by a bunch of appointed commissioners who we can't vote out and answer to no-one. Charles 1 was beheaded for nothing!

Answer 3

Monarchy is when a place is ruled by one king or queen. Oligarchy is when a small group of wealthy landowners rule the country.

Answer 4

All this knowlege...I knew i should have walked passed the school instead of actually attending class. Now to look for a clever husband!!!

Answer 5

Hegemony (pronounced he'gem.ə.ni or hə'dʒɛ.mə.ni) (Greek: ἡγεμονία hēgemonía) is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group. The cultural control that hegemony asserts affects commonplace patterns of thought: hegemony controls the way new ideas are rejected or become naturalized in a process that subtly alters notions of common sense in a given society.

Hegemony results in the empowerment of certain cultural beliefs, values, and practices to the submersion and partial exclusion of others. Hegemony influences the perspective of mainstream history, as history is written by the victors for a congruent readership.

As Brookfield S.D defines it, "The term hegemony describes the process whereby ideas, structures, and actions come to be seen by the majority of people as wholly natural, preordained, and working for their own good, when in fact they are constructed and transmitted by powerful minority interests to protect the status quo that serves those interest."1
Oligarchy (Greek Ὀλιγαρχία, Oligarkhía) is a form of government where political power effectively rests with a small, elite segment of society (whether distinguished by wealth, family or military prowess). The word oligarchy is from the Greek words for "few" (ὀλίγον óligon) and "rule" (ἄρχω arkho).

Monarchy
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This box: view • talk • editA monarchy, from the Greek μονος, "one," and αρχειν, "to rule', is a form of government that has a monarch as head of state. In most monarchies the monarch usually reigns as head of state for life; this is also true in many republics, though it is also common for the Head of State (often called the president) to be elected for a certain amount of time. There are currently 29 monarchs reigning over 44 extant sovereign monarchies in the world, the monarch of the United Kingdom being shared with 15 other independent realms. As such, this one multiple monarch reigns over vast geographic areas including the trans-continental realms of Canada and Australia.

The term monarchy is also used to refer to the people (especially the dynasty, also known as 'royalty') and institutions that make up the royal or imperial establishment, or to the realm over which the monarch reigns.

In all monarchies, the monarch serves as a symbol of continuity and statehood. The extent of a monarch's additional powers varies from monarchy to monarchy, but in constitutional monarchies they are usually only evident in times of crisis. Many monarchies are constituted by tradition or by codified law so that the monarch has little real political power, in others the monarch holds substantial power but is limited from exercising it by popular or precedental opinion, but in others the monarch holds substantial power. In some cases, the symbolism of monarchy alongside the symbolism of democracy can lead to divisions over seemingly contradictory principles of sovereignty.

Monarchy is one of the oldest forms of government, with echoes in the leadership of tribal chiefs. Many monarchs claimed to rule by divine right or at least by divine grace, ruling either by the will of the god(s) or as gods themselves. In some early systems the monarch was overthrown or sacrificed when it became apparent that divine sanction had been withdrawn. Monarchs might be chosen by election, succession, or conquest.

Since 1800, many of the world's monarchies have been abolished and have been replaced by republics, or become parliamentary democracies. These transitions have frequently resulted in a loss, not a gain, in popular liberty, as may be seen in the histories of the French and Russian Revolutions, and the overthrow of the monarchies in Brazil, Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Iran, Cambodia etc. Democratic countries which retain a monarchy, by definition, limit the monarch's power, with most having become constitutional monarchies. In England, this process began with the Magna Carta of 1215, although it did not reach democratic proportions until after the Glorious Revolution in 1689. In the modern media age, however, popular monarchs can, independently of their formal role within the constitutional framework, through popularity and various contacts, acquire considerable influence via public opinion or political contacts. They still generally retain the right to be consulted by the executive, and thus the theory is the converse of the practice: the Monarch advises the Government.

Among the few states that retain a rather absolute monarchy are Vatican City, Swaziland, Brunei,Qatar,Oman Bhutan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. In Jordan and Morocco, the monarch also retains considerable power. There are also recent (2003) developments in Liechtenstein, wherein the regnant prince was given the constitutional power to dismiss the government at will. Nepal had several swings between a constitutional role and direct rule related to the Maoist rebel movement and the palace killings by a suicidal crown prince.

Answer 6

check in google and wikipedia...for the best understanding and differentiating...

Answer 7

Main article: monarchy
the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person. The term is applied to states in which the supreme authority is vested in a single person, the monarch, who is the permanent head of the state. The word has, however, outlived this original meaning and is now used, when used at all, somewhat loosely of states ruled by hereditary sovereigns, as distinct from republics with elected...

major references

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major references (in government)
Most of the key words commonly used to describe governments, words such as monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy, are of Greek or Roman origin. They have been current for more than 2,000 years and have not yet exhausted their usefulness. This suggests that mankind has not changed very much since they were coined; but such verbal and psychological uniformity must not be allowed to hide the enormous...
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major references (in political system: Monarchy)
The ancient distinction among monarchies, tyrannies, oligarchies, and constitutional governments, like other traditional classifications of political systems, is no longer very descriptive of political life. A king may be a ceremonial dignitary in one of the parliamentary democracies of western Europe, or he may be an absolute ruler in one of the emerging states of North Africa, the Middle...
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major references (in constitutional law: Monarchical systems)
Although the institution of monarchy is as old as recorded history, since the beginning of the modern era many monarchies have been replaced with republics. Of the monarchies that remain—such as those in the United Kingdom, Japan, Spain, the Scandinavian countries, and the Low Countries—many are best described as “constitutional monarchies”: the monarchs are primarily...

age of monarchy in Europe
Among European states of the High Renaissance, the republic of Venice provided the only important exception to princely rule. Following the court of Burgundy, where chivalric ideals vied with the self-indulgence of feast, joust, and hunt, Charles V, Francis I, and Henry VIII acted out the rites of kingship in sumptuous courts. Enormous Poland, particularly during the reign of Sigismund I...
development of democracy in England
Other important features had yet to be established, however. England's political life was dominated by the monarchy for centuries after the Middle Ages. During the English Civil Wars, led on one side by radical Puritans, the monarchy was abolished and a republic—the Commonwealth —was established (1649), though the monarchy was restored in 1660. By about 1800, significant powers,...

effect on cities

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effect on cities (in city: The medieval city, from fortress to emporium)
...speaking, the history of the medieval towns is that of the rising merchant classes seeking to free their communities from lordly jurisdiction and to secure their government to themselves. Wherever monarchical power was strong, the merchants had to be content with a municipal status, but elsewhere they created city-states. Taking advantage of renewed conflict between popes and emperors, they...
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effect on cities (in city: The city and the nation-state)
By the 18th century the mercantile classes had grown increasingly disenchanted with monarchical rule. Merchants resented their lack of political influence and assured prestige, and they objected to outmoded regulations that created barriers to commerce—especially those that hindered their efforts to link commercial operations with improved production systems such as factories. Eventually,...

influence on Latin-American society
...of their new governments. In this regard the break with the colonial system proved traumatic. In Iberian political traditions, power and authority resided to a great extent in the figure of the monarch. Only the monarch had the ability to dominate the church, the military, and other powerful corporate groups in Iberian and colonial Latin-American societies. Representative government and the...
Salic Law of Succession
the rule by which, in certain sovereign dynasties, persons descended from a previous sovereign only through a woman were excluded from succession to the throne. Gradually formulated in France, the rule takes its name from the code of the Salian Franks, the Lex Salica (Salic Law).
belief of sacred kingship:

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Egyptian religion
There were two essential foci of public religion: the king and the gods. Both are among the most characteristic features of Egyptian civilization. The king had a unique status between humanity and the gods, partook in the world of the gods, and constructed great, religiously motivated funerary monuments for his afterlife. Egyptian gods are renowned for their wide variety of forms, including...
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belief of sacred kingship:Syrian and Palestinian religions
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Syrian and Palestinian religions (in Syrian and Palestinian religion: Nature and significance)
Consistent with the sources of documentation, the monarch emerges as a significant medium between god and people, acting on the people's behalf in the cult of the god and on the god's behalf in the care of the people. The cult was generally practiced in a “house” of the god, where a professional priesthood attended to the daily needs of the god, represented in effigy.
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Syrian and Palestinian religions (in Syrian and Palestinian religion: Institutions and practices)
Typically the monarch and sometimes other members of the royal family played a leading role in the most significant cultic acts and festivals. A king of Sidon refers to himself as “priest of Astarte.” One text from a town near Ugarit concerns a sacrifice by the queen.

comparison with:

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aristocracy
...or mobocracy). Because “the best” is an evaluative and subjective notion, it is difficult to distinguish aristocratic from oligarchic or timocratic governments objectively. Because a monarchical system has its own aristocracy and because the people try to elect the best as their rulers in democracies, an aristocratic element also is present in these regimes. For these reasons,...
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constitutional government
Constitutional government requires a division of power among several organs of the body politic. Preconstitutionalist governments, such as the absolute monarchies of Europe in the 18th century, frequently concentrated all power in the hands of a single person. The same has been true in modern dictatorships such as Hitler's in Germany. Constitutionalism, on the other hand, by dividing...

development in:

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India
...of the republics and the proportional dominance of the monarchical system, in which loyalty was directed to the king. The emergence of the Mauryan empire strengthened the political notion of monarchy. The second factor was that the dharma, in the sense of the social order, demanded a far greater loyalty than did the rather blurred idea of the...
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Polynesia
...in 1978. Ironically, the conservatism of Polynesian cultures is most manifest in these three independent nations. Three island groups had been monarchies—Tonga, Tahiti, and Hawaii—but monarchy survives only in Tonga, although Tonga also has a British-style parliament that gives special status to traditional nobles.
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Saudi Arabia
...(Al-Nizam al-Asasi li al-Hukm), which provides guidelines for how the government is to be run and sets forth the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The king combines legislative, executive, and judicial functions. As prime minister, he presides over the Council of Ministers (Majlis al-Wuzara'). The council is responsible for such...
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Thailand
Following a coup in 1932 that ended the absolute rule of the monarchy, a constitution was promulgated, in which the monarch, the National Assembly, the State Council, and the law courts were to exercise power on the behalf of the citizenry. Since then, several constitutions have been created because of changes of government, but the provisions have remained similar to the 1932 document. Under...
* development in: Europe
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England
...personal ownership than corporate management. Most of the aristocracy and gentry were the king's own tenants, whose obligations to him included military service, taxes, and local office holding. The monarch's claim to be God's vice-regent on earth was relatively uncontroversial, especially since his obligations to God included good governance. Except in dire emergency, the monarch could not...
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Germany
...in the leadership of their regions; in Swabia (Alemannia) two houses were still fighting for hegemony. Only the church, fearing for its endowments, had an obvious interest in the survival of the monarchy, its ancient protector. Against the growing authority of the dukes and the deep differences in dialect, customs, and social structure among the tribal duchies there stood only the...
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Spain
Not only was the conversion of the Visigoths a sign of the predominance of Hispano-Roman civilization, but it also brought the bishops into a close relationship with the monarchy. Indeed, both Hermenegild and Reccared had close ties with St. Leander of Sevilla, who was involved with their conversions and was the brother of the encyclopaedist Isidore. Kings, imitating Byzantine practice,...
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Europe:France
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France (in France: Kingship)
The nature of the Frankish monarchy was profoundly changed during the Carolingian epoch. When Pippin III usurped the office of king, he had himself consecrated first by the bishops of his realm (possibly including Boniface) in 751 and then by the pope in 754. This rite, originated by the biblical kings of Israel, had...
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France (in France: Monarchy and church)
In the 18th century, justifications of royal authority drew on many traditions. The king still claimed the status of a feudal suzerain of his subjects. Familial imagery was an important component of royal rhetoric; the king of France was father of his subjects. His right to reign echoed all husbands' right to rule over their wives and all fathers' right to rule over their children. His...

viewed by:

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Dante
...Dante's De monarchia (c. 1313), still in principle highly relevant, insists that only through universal peace can human faculties come to their full compass. But only “temporal Monarchy” can achieve this: “a unique princedom extending over all persons in time.” The aim of civilization is to actualize human potentialities, and to achieve that...
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Mesopotamian religions
The high value set on the monarchy as a guarantor of security and order in the Enuma elish can hardly have seemed obvious in Babylonia in the first troubled years of Assyrian rule. From this period (c. 700 BC) comes a myth usually called the Erra Epic, which reads almost like a polemic against Enuma elish. It tells how the god of affray and indiscriminate slaughter, Erra,...
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Plato
...on the other hand, is to consider the respective merits of two contrasting forms of government, personal rule and constitutionalism, and to recommend the second, particularly in the form of limited monarchy. The Sophist thus lays the foundations of all subsequent logic, the Statesman those of all constitutionalism. A second purpose in both dialogues is to illustrate...
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Roger II
...for the empire of the East—which, like that of the West, maintained its claim to its former South Italian possessions—his whole upbringing inclined him toward the Byzantine concept of monarchy: a mystically tinged absolutism in which the sovereign, as God's viceroy, lived remote and elevated from his subjects in a magnificence that reflected his intermediate position between Earth...
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Rousseau
...intelligent citizens. Indeed, he agrees with Plato that most people are stupid. Thus the general will, while always morally sound, is sometimes mistaken. Hence Rousseau suggests the people need a lawgiver—a great mind like Solon or Lycurgus or Calvin—to draw up a constitution and system of laws. He even suggests that such lawgivers need to claim divine inspiration in order to...
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Voltaire
...distress and the military disasters of 1709 nor the horrors of religious persecution. He retained, however, a degree of admiration for the sovereign, and he remained convinced that the enlightened kings are the indispensable agents of progress.
Hegemony (pronounced he'gem.ə.ni or hə'dʒɛ.mə.ni) (Greek: ἡγεμονία hēgemonía) is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group. The cultural control that hegemony asserts affects commonplace patterns of thought: hegemony controls the way new ideas are rejected or become naturalized in a process that subtly alters notions of common sense in a given society.

Hegemony results in the empowerment of certain cultural beliefs, values, and practices to the submersion and partial exclusion of others. Hegemony influences the perspective of mainstream history, as history is written by the victors for a congruent readership.

As Brookfield S.D defines it, "The term hegemony describes the process whereby ideas, structures, and actions come to be seen by the majority of people as wholly natural, preordained, and working for their own good, when in fact they are constructed and transmitted by powerful minority interests to protect the status quo that serves those interest."