why is it that when you are in an aeroplane that it is -fifty degrees but the sun is higher and way above sky?

Answer 1

The air is very thin and away from the ground where the sun's radiation gets converted to heat, so it's very cold.

Answer 2

the difference in the distance from the sun is negligible. There is not much air up there, and it is very far from the ground or ocean, so there is not much to catch the sun's light and get warm.

Answer 3

Because most of the heat we feel is actually that which is absorbed or reflected from the earth (after it us from the sun, obviously). Therefore, the higher you go the colder it becomes...