Differences and similiarities in classical and operant conditioning?

Question

What are the similarities and differences between classical conditioning, as described by John B. Watson, and operant conditioning, as defined by B. F. Skinner?

Answer 1

In operant conditioning the organism learns that their action might have a consequence.
Positive reinforcement causes the organism to continue the action to achieve a desired effect.
Negative reinforcement causes the organism to continue the action to avoid an undesired effect.

Classical Conditioning is the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a Neutral Stimulus with an Unconditioned Stimulus which produces an instinctive Unconditioned Response.
In Ivan Pavlov's experiment, the bell was the Neutral Stimulus; the food was the Unconditioned Stimulus; and the salivating was the Unconditioned Response.

Answer 2

Operant conditioning - Learning due to the consequences of voluntary behaviour, through positive and negative reinforcement and punishment. Classical conditioning - Learning due to the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned, reflex response. In the Watson and Rayner (1920) research study little Albert was classically conditioned to fear a white rat. -Before conditioning: The rat is a neutral stimulus (CS). Albert has no fear of rats. A loud band (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) elicits fear (unconditioned response, UCR). -During conditioning: The rat (CS) is paired with the loud bang (UCS), and this naturally produces fear (UCR). -After conditioning: Albert shows fear (conditioned response, CR) of the rat (conditioned stimulus, CS).