define the terms “bourgeoisie” and “ proletariat”?

Answer 1

Proletariat describes the lower working class, especially during the age of industrialization, when universal education and labor protections didn't exist, or weren't enforce. Eventually this class became restless or tired of how they were used and abused. Bourgeoisie refers to the middle class that rose from new money; the merchant class. They weren't the ones working in the factories, but they weren't established aristocractic families either. In both cases, these classes were bound to the cities of Europe at the time. In the countrysides, the economy was different.

Good questions!

Answer 2

I'm guessing you mean in Marxist terms...

bourgeoisie: the class that is opposed to the proletariat in that they are concerned with property values and own the means of production (think factory owners and real estate agents among them)
proletariat: the workers, especially manual labourers who earn a daily or hourly wage as opposed to professionals or educated types who earn a salary.

and even though you didn't ask...
intelligentsia: teachers, doctors, philosophers, lawyers. Professionals and brain people who have alot of schooling and aren't necessarily capatalists (like the bourgeoisie).

Answer 3

bourgeoisie: middle class. proletariat: working class. Both popular terms in old communist rhetoric.