European Imperialism help!!!?

Question

How did European imperialism change from the initial phase(1450-1750) to and through the colonial phase(1750-1914)?

Answer 1

European expansionism in the early centuries is usually described as "imperialism" -- the goal was to conquer foreign peoples by military force and gain limited political and economic control over them. "Mercantilism" was the economic philosophy that developed in the 1600s and 1700s to guide European financial and trade policies over empires. In most cases, European imperial nations in this period did not resettle large populations of Europeans in their conquered territories. For example, there probably never were more than 50,000 Frenchmen in Canada in the 1600s. Furthermore, in this early period, European imperialism was largely limited to coastlines and sea zones -- where European naval superiority gave the greatest advantage.

After 1750, however, the Industrial Revolution accelerated the demand for raw materials and markets to sell industrial goods. As a result, throughout the 1800s European nations sought greater political, social, and economic control over foreign territories. Larger numbers of European colonists moved to territories overseas (mainly Africa and Asia) and attempted to live as a new ruling class (for example, the British Raj in India). By the end of the 1800s, even new nations like Germany and Italy felt they had to possess overseas foreign territories in order to be taken seriously as great powers (hence, the "scramble for Africa" from 1870-1914). This latter phase of European expansion is often called "colonialism" -- the goal was to bring overseas foreign colonies under the complete political, cultural, and economic control of the empire. The British in India, the French in Vietnam (Indochine), and the Belgians in the Congo (Kongo) are some of the best examples of how "colonialism" operated in the 1800s and early 1900s.

Answer 2

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