★ GENETICS QUESTIONS!!(HIGH SCHOOL )★ 6questions.T.T?

Question

1. What is the difference between a DNA sequence of codons and an RNA squences of codons?

2. Why do we say that DNA determines the structural arrangement of proteins?

3. What is the relationship of the 'active' and 'dummy' strands of DNA? what do they look like?

4. Would there be a problem if the dummy strand were used to make a protein? why/?!

about gel electrophoresis,,~~~
5. WHat property of the dye must have made if move toward the positive electrode?

6. which color must have the largest molecules? and how about the smallest molecules?!?


PLZZZZZZZZZZ answer my questions ! T _T

Answer 1

1. DNA codons would include T (thymine) bases in their sequences, and RNA codons would have U (uracil) bases instead of T.
2. DNA codes for the chains of amino acids which form proteins, and amino acid content and order determine the shape of a protein.
3. The active strand is the one that is transcribed, and the dummy strand is the "coding" strand, and should look similar to the RNA which is transcribed from the active strand. They are complementary in base pairs.
4. The problem with using the dummy strand for transcription is that it would code for different codons (CAG is not the same as GAC), and from there, ribosomes would translate it into a completely different protein for that reason.
5. It must be negatively charged, since the positive electrode will attract negatively charged molecules.
and for 6, I'd need to see your data to answer it.

hope this helps! (^_^)

Answer 2

1. DNA has the following nucleotide bases: A, T, G, and C
RNA has A, G, C, and U (replaces T). I don't know if your teacher is also asking about sense vs. antisense... But I think U in RNA vs. T in DNA should be OK.

2. DNA determines the structural arrangement of proteins because every 3 nucleotides make a codon. Each codon makes an amino acid. The sequence of DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The sequence of amino acids determine the structure of the protein.

3. I assume your teacher defines "Active" as being "sense" and "dummy" as "antisense" strands of DNA. Here is a sample sequence:

5' - AAAATTTTGGGGCCCC - 3' (sense, active)
3' - TTTTAAAACCCCGGGG - 5' (antisense, dummy)

Both sense and antisense are the same in that they are DNA, just that they are REVERSE COMPLEMENTS of each other. Notice there is a 5' and a 3' and of DNA. Sense goes one way, antisense goes the other. Each base pair is complementary (G pairs with C, A pairs with T, vice versa).

4. Proteins are usually made from the sense (active) strand of DNA. As the antisense (dummy) strand is the reverse complement of the sense strand, it codes for a completely different set of amino acids (as the codon order is the reverse complement). So usually antisense (dummy) DNA can't make proteins, as it is the opposite of a sequence that can, which usually means it will only make junk.

5. Dye must be negatively charged.

6. Our lab uses DNA load dyes that only have one colour. So, I don't know what your question is dealing with. I attached a link to a website of a company that makes dyes. See if you can find the dye you talked about in class.

Answer 3

1. DNA and RNA codons consist of 3 nucleotides.....DNA can consist of THYMINE, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
BUT RNA can consist of URACIL, Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine

2. DNA is what ultimately determines which proteins are made:
DNA-----(transcription)-->RNA-----(translation)--->amino acids------>proteins

3. if when you say active and dummy strands you are refering to exons and introns then exons code for RNA and introns are functionless "spacers" they are still nucleosides but they just dont code for anything

4. yes because if the wrong amino acid was made and therefore the wrong protien it's function could be destroyed. protein function is based on its shape..if the wrong amino acid then its shape would be incorrect

5. in order for a dye to move to the positive electrode the dye must be negativly charged

6. im not sure what this question is referring to sorry....

Answer 4

Bribe your teacher.