Question!!?

Question

One hobby of mine is programming. I am currently trying to create a virtual universe. Of course, It won't be quite as big or as fast as the real thing. I want to create about 1000 of the most basic particles known to man in a virtual universe. The way it is set up is each particle has an x,y,z coordinate x,y,z velocity, and mass. What I want to know is how they interact. What different forces bind them? And how? Perhaps I can simulate the big bang with the simplest of programs. Most of what I know of physics I taught myself through programming.

Answer 1

I congratulate you on your initiative and curiosity! You may learn a great deal on your own through your investigations.

Your question (about what forces to include in your program, and how) has no good answer --- if you mean to include every force possible and every sort of particle. We don't yet know everything! Even in a practical sense it would be nearly impossible to include all we do currently know in one such program which would then yield useful information; certainly it would not be the "simplest of programs."

No scientist tries to work that way. Instead, one concentrates one's efforts on a small piece of the puzzle --- usually that's difficult enough. Nevertheless, it is possible for you to write a program to follow the motions of 1000 particles interacting in a reasonable fashion. I suggest you concentrate only on a Newtonian gravitational interaction. You will be able to accomplish this task, and probably learn a great deal in the process. Besides, after the very earliest moments of the Big Bang, gravity is the most important force in deciding the future evolution of the universe.

Each particle can be assumed to have the same mass (for simplicity!). For a particle of mass m (particle A) experiencing the gravitational force of another particle (particle B, also mass m), the force on A is toward B and of the amount Gmm/r^2 where "r^2" you might recognize to be "r squared." G is Newton's gravitational constant. Each particle A in your collection will experience a force from *each* other particle --- these individual forces add up as vectors to give the total force F acting on A.

Then, particle A therefore has an acceleration a=F/m due to the total force F acting on it Now, your program must follow the motion of each particle under the influence of the force F acting on it. This is simple in principle, but can be complicated in practice.

From reading your message it is clear you might want to get much more information than I can give you through e-mail messages. You should probably consult some introductory textbook on physics to fill in the details of what I said above. Might I suggest The Feynmann Lectures on Physics by Richard Feynman. Chapter 9 in volume 1 discuss the above calculations in basic detail. You might also benefit from looking at some similar programs. The collection of BASIC programs presented in Sky and Telescope magazine might be interesting. You can see them all by going to Sky and Telescope's website at http://www.skypub.com. Good luck..

Answer 2

There is no way I can detail all interactions between particles here, but there are four fundamental forces which act on matter.
Read up on:
Gravity
The strong nuclear force
The weak nuclear force
Electromagnetism.

It should be noted that each different particle is affected in a particular way by a particular force.

Answer 3

If you want to simulate physics, then you must be good in working with vectors. in a 3d and 4d coordinate. but this requires supercomputer capability. I read an article in a magazine of IEEE or how some physicist siulated the bigbang. They had to use supercomputer to do it. This is because a lote of processing is reqiured.
First u have to generate lots of particles
Secondly they all have to be unique
Thirdly you must write functions or modules that define their behaviour
am sure this is not a work for one person, because lost of graphics had to be generated.
check http://www.ieee.org/portal/site and browse for simulation or your toipic.

Answer 4

One aspect of computer graphics is dedicated to what is called "particle systems". A lot of work has been done in that area and I'm sure if you start looking through references to particle systems, you will find much of what you need.

Answer 5

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