Energy Questions...?

Question

I'm doing a science project and I have to answer some questions. I've already got most of them done, but some I'm having difficulties with. Please help.

1. How has the industry sought out new ways to maximize the efficiency of machines in order to reduce the amount of energy transferred to heat?

(Like a car for example, how has the efficiency been in the past, present, and will be like in the future?)

2. How does heat loss affect the idea of conservation of energy?

THANKS SO MUCH!!

Answer 1

1.
it is impossible to completely remove heat from a machine but u can greatly reduce heat energy by removing mechanical parts

heat energy is produced when parts start to move....the motion is opposed by friction and friction causes heat.

a car for example has hundreds of moving parts...all generating heat
one way to increase efficiency is to use less parts and more lubricant to reduce the friction coefficient

im not sure...but i think the rotary engine is an example of a more efficient engine... since it has less moving parts

2. basic idea of conservation of energy is i should get out what i put in....output=input....realistically, conservation of energy is still applied since all the heat energy + sound energy + output energy will all still = input energy.....however heat and sound energy is unwanted energy, it is not included in the machines efficiency...so output < input

Answer 2

You are asking for an encyclopedia, and I have but a few paragraphs.

Heat, when it is not sought, is created by friction, or resistance (electrical). When heat is not desired, both are bad. Use of lubricants in mechanical devices are a start. Limiting the number of moving parts also limits the amount of friction that has to be dealt with. Machining parts to higher tolerances also reduces friction. Using different materials (ie, the Norton Spirit Indy racing car used an engine composed of ceramic parts.) Reducing heat deformation by using heat sinks also reduces friction.

For electrical, super cooling circuits reduces resistance and saves energy.

I just don't have time to list them all, sorry.

Answer 3

Please see this is the answer you are looking for question 1.

Hybrid vehicle has been invented to save fuel for better mileage. See below for a short descripton and look up the link if you want to know more.

A Petroleum Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) is a vehicle using an on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion. The different propulsion power systems may have common subsystems or components. The HV provides better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle because the engine is smaller and may be run at speeds providing more efficiency. Other techniques may be used to recover or reduce waste energy (such as regenerative braking and shutting down the combustion engine).

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_car

Answer 4

energy is lost due to heat and heat is usually caused by friction. so, oil and lubricants are used to reduce this friction. i dont really understand the next question because heat loss is just one of the things that can happen in an energy equations. my best guess is that is makes the two sides of the equation equal.

Answer 5

uhhh.