list and explain the different types of hard disk system?

Answer 1

for that you first have to distinguish internal and external hard drives.

lets start with the internal ones.

there are three types of hard disks around, or two really.

these are the so called IDE-Bus drives and the new and upcoming Serial ATA or SATA-Bus models.

these use the same types of hard drives, only the interface towards the mainboard is different, though similar, in fact so similar that they can be interchanged using simple plug-in adapters.
as a rule of thumb, the newer SATA system is to preferred, because it comes with several advantages and almost no disadvantages compared to the IDE system:

SATA is faster. or will be. as of today most consumer grade harddrives are manufactured with both IDE and SATA interfaces. being basically the same piece of hardware the difference in speed is marginal, but while the IDE system has reached the end of its bandwith capacity, the new SATA allows for much faster transmission rates in the future.
SATA is more convenient to install. very simply put, the cables used with the new Bus system are much more slender and easier to handle than he bulky IDE cables.
SATA allows for more devices per system. well... not technically, but in effect. with IDE only two devices per bus can be mounted, and while there is no real limit to amount of buses a system can have, for cost reasons PC systems are almost always limited to two buses, that is four devices, counting not only harddrives but CD and DVD drives as well. SATA can have much more devices all on the same bus and SATA systems are usually designed for six or even eight devices, although there is also no technical limit here.
as for prices, there are no real differences between the two systems, although that will change, when production numbers for IDE drives recede, and prices will begin to climb accordingly.

that is exactly what happened to the third system still in existence, though barely so, the SCSI Bus.

its has the same advantages over the IDE Bus as SATA, except the ease of installation, but all to a lower degree.
plus it never reached nearly the the production numbers of IDE or SATA and has therefore been from the beginning much more expensive and still is, if in fact it is being continued at all, which i am not sure about, except to the level needed to provide replacements for existing systems.
oh, there is one advantage it has, if you want to call it that... it could leave the casing. unlike IDE and SATA which only support hard and disk drives, that is intrenal devices, SCSI can carry all kinds of data, like for example a printer or scanner, or external drives.

which brings us to the second kind of harddrive, the external one. they are basically just internal drives, hard and diskdrives alike, in some kind of casing, providing a powersupply and an adapter from either the IDE or SATA bus to one of the external bus systems, usually USB or Firewire; also technically possible but more complicated are network systems like LAN, WLAN and even, though quite pointless, Bluetooth. and of course, as explained earlier, SCSI.

Answer 2

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