With an estimated population of 1.1 billion, India is the world's second most populous country.[20] Almost 70% of Indians reside in rural areas, although in recent decades migration to larger cities has led to the exponential rise in the urban population. India's largest urban agglomerations are Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Bangalore.
India is home to two major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. The Indian constitution recognises 23 official languages. Hindi and English are used by the Union Government of India for official purposes, wherein Hindi has a de jure priority. Sanskrit and Tamil enjoy classical language status in India. The number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.[22] Although 80.5% of Indians report themselves as Hindus, India's Muslim population is the world's second largest; they constitute 13.4% of the population. Other religious groups include Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians, Bahá'Ãs and others.[20] Eight percent of India's people are classified as tribal.
At the time of India's emergence as a nation-state in 1947, India's literacy rate was 11%.[23] Since then, it has increased to 68.6% (58.25% for females and 78.8% of males). The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate (91%); Bihar has the lowest (47%).[24] The national sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.66, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are 22.32 births per 1,000 people..
Salient features-
Although India occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 16% of the world's population. Currently it is the second most populous nation on Earth, though if current trends persist, India will replace China as the most populous nation in less than 40 years. Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age. More than 70% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages, and the remainder in more than 200 towns and cities.
Although 80.5% of the people are Hindus, India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world (13.1%) after Indonesia and Pakistan. India also contains the majority of the world's Zoroastrians (0.01%), Sikhs (1.93%) and Jains (0.40%). Other religious groups include Christians (2.3%), Buddhists (0.77%), Jews and Bahá'Ãs.
Census-
The most recent census of India was performed in 2001. It was the 14th census in an unbroken series, and the 6th after independence in 1947 (except for Assam which did not figure in the 1981 census). Eight censuses were performed under the British Raj, the first one was carried out throughout the 1860s and completed in 1871. After this, there has been one census every decade.
The 2001 census was conducted in two phases, the first being Housenumbering and Houselisting operations, carried out in May 2000, and the second being population enumeration, carried out from February 9 to 28, 2001. The reference time for the census is 1 March, 2001. The houseless population was enumerated on 28 February. A revisional round was undertaken 1 to 5 March 2001 to account for mutations between the time of visit in February and 1 March.
The total population calculated for 1 March 2001 was 1,027,015,247, making the 2001 census the first to count more than a billion Indians. The population had risen by 21.34% compared to the 1991 total. The female population had increased by 0.3 percentage points to 48.4%.
See list of States of India by urban population. Maharashtra has the largest urban agglomeration while Delhi is the most urbanised market at over 93%.
Key data-
Total Population: 1,095,351,995 (July 2006 est.)[1]; 1,027,000,000 (2001 Census)
Rural Population: 742,617,747(72.2%)(Male: 381,668,992, Female: 360,948,755) (2001 Census)
Table 1: Population History
Year Total Population
1960 443,000,000
1970 553,000,000
1980 684,000,000
1990 838,141,000
2000 1,004,591,054
2005 1,095,054,669
2007 1,129,866,154
2010 1,184,000,000
2020 1,264,000,000
2030 1,348,000,000
2040 1,423,000,000
2050 1,482,000,000
Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)
Year Under 15 15-64 65+ Total
2000 361 604 45 1010
2005 368 673 51 1093
2010 370 747 58 1175
2015 372 819 65 1256
2020 373 882 76 1331
Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenarion 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001.
Urban: Age structure-
0–14 years: 30.8%(male 173,478,760/female 163,852,827)
15–64 years: 64.3% (male 363,876,219/female 340,181,764)
65 years and over: 4.9% (male 27,258,020/female 26,704,405) (2006 est.)
The average age of Indians is 26 years-
Population growth rate: 1.38% (2006 est.)
Birth rate: 22.01 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate: 8.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
literacy rate: 64.5% (2001 est.)
Percent of the population under the poverty line: 22%(2006 est.)
Unemployment Rate: 9.2%
Net migration rate: â0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio-
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 54.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 55.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) male: 54.05 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 64.71 years
male: 63.9 years
female: 65.57 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.73 children born/woman (2006 est.) The TFR (Totalnumber of children born per women ) according to Religion in 2001 was : Hindus - 2.27, Muslims - 3.06, Sikhs - 1.86, Christians - 2.06, Budhists - 2.29, Jains - 1.50 , Animists and Others - 2.99, Tribals - 3.16, Scheduled Castes - 2.89.
Nationality:
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian..
2007-03-19 00:50:19
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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