why do bourgeoisie create their own gravediggers?

Question

please let me know...this question is about the book "communist manifesto' by karl marx

Answer 1

The phrase has two meanins, one of which is the Marxist meaning, based on the mid-19th century Communist Manifesto. It means that the inability of capitalism to expand without creating, in its wake, periodic and more and more severre economic crises (recessions, depressions, unemployment) will alienate more people. These will not only come from the ranks of the poor laborers (the proletariat) who would be made progressively more miserable under capitalism, but also business failures would lead to portions of the bourgeoisie going over to the side of the allegedly rising class, the proletariat, and this combination would lead to successful revollutonary overthrow of capitalist regimes. This became the bedrock doctrine of Marxism and its 20th century Communist successors. See the selection from Sparks Notes for detail on this: http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/communist/section2.rhtml

The concept has been criticized frequently, though it is also recognized (by Marxists and non-Marxists alike) as signalling the emergence of the notion of collapse of capitalism (rather than utopian change) in revolutionary propaganda. Among the best and most evidence-based criticism was Professor Adam Ulam's THE UNFINISHED REVOLUTION (a book published in the 1960s) who says that the most significant fault of the early Marxist analysis was that Marx and Engels perceived conditions, in 1848, as signalling that the disruptive effect of capitalism was already close to marking its demise, while many of the problems and characteristics they noticed were typical of early stages of economic development (modernization), where the negative effects were particularly noticeable. In Ultam's memorable phrase, Marx and Engels thought they were observing the death throes of the bourgeois order (in its industrial capitalist form) whereas, in reality, what they were seeing was its birth pangs.

A second observation of this kind builds on recognizing the strength of capitalism, and, althoough it is not as famous as the "gravediggers" remark, ought to be given more seerious attentiion even now. It is a concept deeveloped by Prof. Schumpeter, a prominent Austrian economist who was teaching at Harvard and who was an expert on business cycles. During World War II he wrote a book on CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY, which went through a few editions up to Schumpeteres death in 1950. Schumpeter argued that capitalism, by fostering change and innovation, was a self-destructive, self-replacing, system. Because the market economy fostered entrepreneurship and innovation, both the people involved and the methods and achievements would keep being renewed and changed, and in this sense capitalism changed, destroying its early forms, and creating forms better suited to future needs. In other words, capitalsm was not a fixed or fixable system, but was a dynamic system that, like democracy, morphed to meet new needs.

Answer 2

Marx says they are creating their own gravediggers as those are the people that will topple them when the Communist Revolution happens. The top will be brought down and the masses brought up. The bourgeoisie are creating an environment that makes the lower people want a change. The lower people will do whatever it takes to influence that change including death to the bourgeoise(think French Revolution here).

Answer 3

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