The simplest but most dangerous way to storm a castle was for soldiers to rush at the walls, scale them and kill the defenders. This was often accomplished using scaling ladders or grappling hooks to climb or pull down the castle’s walls. Once the walls were breached, the attackers would swarm inside the castle, sometimes launching an offensive in more than one location to maximize their advantage of surprise. These soldiers were often covered by a barrage of arrow fire, not unlike the barrages used in Europe during the first World War.
A much safer and less costly way to besiege a castle was simply to blockade those inside with the intent to starve them into surrender. Blockades, fortunately or unfortunately, were not always successful. The castle occupants could always rely upon their stockpiles of food and weapons and any allies who would send reinforcements. Blockades were especially unsuccessful if they lasted until after the beginning of winter—not only would the attackers have a harder time finding food and fighting the elements than those inside the castle, mercenaries hired by either side were not often willing to wait out the long winter months.
Mining a tunnel under a castle could work as long as the castle was not built on rock or surrounded by a moat. Those digging the tunnel were called sappers, and they were protected from arrow fire by a moveable hut covered in animal fur or dirt to keep it from catching fire. Tunnels were dug sometimes to enter the castle but more often to destabilize the walls. To do this, the timbers that had been in place to hold up the walls of the tunnel were burned to cause a collapse in the tunnel, which would in theory bring down the wall. Against this procedure, defenders would place bowls of water on the ground at strategic points around the castle. Ripples in the bowl could indicate that a tunnel was being dug under the walls.
Battering rams were a way to bring down the walls from above ground. These consisted of a covered shed, similar to that used to cover sappers, in which a tree trunk was suspended with chains. This heavy beam would have been tapered to a blunt end and capped with iron to allow it to pound continually on the walls. To soften these blows, those inside the castle may drop mattresses between the ram and the castle walls. Grappling hooks were also employed, and defenders would use them to catch the chains of the ram and prevent it from swinging.
Siege towers, also called belfries, were used through the Middle Ages—they have become the symbol of siege warfare to modern eyes. Most siege towers were wheeled wooden constructions of several stories, often covered with ox hides to keep them fireproof. They were costly and required much planning to build, but they could be used for several purposes. Sometimes belfries were used to provide a higher location from which to launch crossbow bolts, stones or spears. Other times they were used to move soldiers to a height level with the castle walls and allow them to attack across a gangplank. Most often, however, siege towers were used to cover activities within the lower stories, such as mining or use of a battering ram
Ballistae, when used as a general term, were the mechanical tools of war used to hurl projectiles at or over the walls of a castle. Heavy stones used as projectiles could bring down part of a fortified wall, but were used more often with defenders as targets. High-trajectory fire sent missiles into the fortress proper, often using stones to crush people, buildings and animals. Low-trajectory fire, which more often used javelin as well as stones, was used to pluck defenders from the walls so that battering rams and siege towers could be used. During some battles, ballistae were used to launch incendiaries, live snakes, dead horses, and human corpses, whole or in parts. One of the larger, but lesser-known, kinds of ballista was the trebuchet
2007-03-18 01:01:44
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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I think you mean beseiging. Early Norman castles were called Motte and Baileys, and were hastily built of wood to control the English. However, as these were suseptible to fire, they were replaced with stone.
A siege back then was the same as it always has been. An army sits outside, bombarding a stronghold and cutting of its supplies until it submits.
2007-03-17 12:03:25
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answer #2
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answered by greenname16 2
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2014-08-16 20:46:53
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answer #3
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answered by ? 1
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2014-09-29 20:46:21
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answer #4
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answered by ? 1
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A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. The term derives from the Latin word for "seat" or "sitting."[1] A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that refuses to surrender and cannot be easily taken by a frontal assault. Sieges involve surrounding the target and blocking the reinforcement or escape of troops or provision of supplies (a tactic known as "investment"[2]), typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, or sapping (also known as mining), or the use of deception or treachery to bypass defenses. Failing a military outcome, sieges can often be decided by starvation, thirst or disease, which can afflict both the attacker or defender.
Sieges probably predate the development of cities as large population centers. Ancient cities in the Middle East show archeological evidence of having had fortified city walls. During the Renaissance and the Early Modern period, siege warfare dominated the conduct of war in Europe. Leonardo da Vinci gained as much of his renown from the design of fortifications as from his artwork.
Medieval campaigns were generally designed around a succession of sieges. In the Napoleonic era, increasing use of ever more powerful cannon reduced the value of fortifications.
Catapults - A catapult was a large machine used to throw objects, often rocks, arrows, pots of fire, or even spears, at a castle. This would destroy the castle walls and buildings. When we think of a catapult the one shown here is what we envision. But more often than not the catapults used for sieging didn't have the cup that you put the thrown object into. They usually had a sling. This sling could generate more force and throw the object further with more accuracy. This sling effect was later developed into the Trebuchet.
Trebuchet - Similar to the catapult in that it was designed to throw large objects but it was more efficient than a catapult because it could be built faster and at less cost. Yet it could throw heavier objects even furhter. The basic theory of the Trebuchet was like that of a see saw. One end had a heavy weight. The other end extended much longer and had a sling where the thrown object was put. When the trebuchet was activated the heavy weight would fall and the swinging of the see-saw would propel the object.
Battering Rams: They were large mechanical objects, often on wheels that were used to ram the walls and doors of a castle in an attempt to break them down. Often times battering rams were part of a siege tower. The image at left shows early roman era battering rams. They have wooden structures around them to protect the operators of the ram.
Siege Towers: Were wooden towers often built at the site of the siege. They were built to the height of the castle walls and were on wheels so they could be rolled up to the wall. Then the attackers could cross right over into the castle.
Counter Measures that Castles Took in defense against sieges
Stronger and thicker walls were built. These walls could sustain more punishment from siege engines.
Concentric walls were built around the castle. This made it more difficult for siege engines to hurl objects at the castle. If the outer wall was breached the siege engines had to be brought inside these walls in order to attack the inner walls. This made them very vulnerable to attack.
Moats were built: A moat was a body of water that surrounded a castle. It served the purposes of making it difficult for enemy troops, enemy siege towers and enemy battering rams to get close to the castle walls. It also made it near impossible for the sieging army to dig a tunnel under the castle.
Higher castle towers were built. It was a great advantage to have the castle towers higher than the siege towers that attacked. They could fire down on the enemy.
2007-03-17 06:52:54
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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Well the Normans had a big book called the Doomsday book and whilst writing in it a passerby said'What you besigning there?'
2007-03-17 09:57:40
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answer #6
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answered by frankturk50 6
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I hate to be pedantic, but you use the words 'besinging' 'strave' and 'sorrund'!
Perforce you have returned from the past? Like the Middle Ages? In which case, welcome to the 21st century. Boy, have we got some good stuff to show you! You are going to love it here! Welcome indeed!
2007-03-25 06:15:37
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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i cannot find any references to besinging in Norman times. Sorry. but if you mean besieging it is to surround a hostile force
2007-03-17 06:27:58
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answer #8
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answered by Bertie D 4
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They used to sing in the rain (of arrow...)
2007-03-18 07:27:30
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answer #9
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answered by Pelayo 6
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seems like you besinging in the rain to long !!??
2007-03-24 19:31:39
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answer #10
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answered by Tired Old Man 7
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