The Marshall Plan?

Question

1) what did president truman want to aid the economic recovery of europe after world war 2?
2)what types of aid did the united states give to the europeans?
3)what are satellite nations?

Answer 1

There's a little bit more to it. At the end of WWII, Europe was devastated, and the victors -- America, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and technically France -- but mostly the U.S. and U.S.S.R. (because the UK was economically devastated herself), had to figure out what to do about it.

There was a lot of controversy here. France, particularly, wanted to keep Germany down, and in the U.S., the "Morgenthau Plan" (proposed by Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau) would tear down German industrial sites in the Saar and Ruhr basins, and turn Germany into an agricultural country full of farms.

Germany, and Berlin separately, were each split into four zones, each zone to be administered by one of the victorious countries, with a stated goal of eventual reunification. The Soviets, however, soon showed that they would not cooperate with the Western Powers, so Germany (and Berlin) remained divided.

To complicate matters, by the end of the war, the Red Army had taken all of eastern Europe, and Moscow set up "puppet" governments in all those countries. Since those eastern nations were controlled by Moscow, they're known as "satellite states" or nations.

There was a real fear that the western European nations, including France, would "go communist" too, given the stark poverty that obtained at the time. Inflation was rampant, jobs were scarce, and so were food supplies. Much of the urban infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. These conditions could well foster a shift to a communist system.

Finally, there was a lesson to be learned from the 1919 Versailles Treaty that ended World War I. At the insistence of France (Clemenceau, I think), Germany was forced to pay reparations, keeping Germany down, and that was one of the factors that led to World War II. It was a mistake not to be repeated.

The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Truman Doctrine constituted the American response. Although named after the highly respected Gen. George C. Marshall, FDR's wartime chief of staff and Truman's first secretary of state, the plan was really the brainchild of undersecretary Dean Acheson, secretary of state during Truman's full term in office.

Marshall announced the plan in a speech in Boston (Harvard University or Boston College, I think), and then the administration pushed it through Congress. The idea was to use American money, American know-how, and American industrial capacity to rebuild Europe. The plan was offered to all the European countries, including the Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc satellites, but the U.S.S.R. and their satellites rejected the offer for political and ideological reasons. (They later formed the Warsaw Pact, an eastern counterpart to NATO in the context of the Cold War.)

The Marshall Plan was an enormous success. It achieved its goal of keeping western Europe from going communist; it created a huge amount of goodwill toward America; and it created lots of jobs in the United States. The later strength of the West German economy, for instance, owed a lot to the Marshall Plan, and it undoubtedly gave millions of Europeans more food, more jobs, and more hope for the future.

Answer 2

Truman wished to keep the nations of Europe free of communism and outside of the control or influence of the Soviet Union.
The United Stated gave economic and technical aid.
Satellite nations are nations which, while technically independent, are in fact controlled by a more powerful nation. In Eastern Europe after World War 2 the satellite nations of the Soviet Union included Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and, to a degree, Romania.

Answer 3

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Answer 4

And Yugoslavia until 1948, let's not forget.