1. Polish, French, Russian, English (and maybe more, but I'm not sure)
2. Maria Sklodowska was born November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. She would become famous for her research into radioactivity, and was the first woman to win a Nobel prize. Marie Curie grew up in a family that valued education. As a young woman she went to Paris to study mathematics, chemistry and physics. She began studying at the Sorbonne in 1891, and was the first woman to teach there. She adopted the French spelling of her name (Marie) and also met Pierre Curie, who taught physics at University of Paris. Marie and Pierre soon married, and teamed up to conduct research on radioactive substances. They found that the uranium ore, or pitchblende, contained much more radioactivity than could be explained solely by the uranium content. The Curie's began a search for the source of the radioactivity and discovered two highly radioactive elements, "radium" and "polonium." The Curie's won the 1903 Nobel prize for physics for their discovery. They shared the award with another French physicist, Antoine Henri Bacquerel, who had discovered natural radioactivity. In 1906 Pierre, overworked and weakened by his prolonged exposure to radiation, died when he was run over by a horse drawn wagon. Madame Curie continued her work on radioactive elements and won the 1911 Nobel prize for chemistry for isolating radium and studying its chemical properties. In 1914 she helped found the Radium Institute in Paris, and was the Institute's first director. When the first world war broke out, Madame Curie thought X-rays would help to locate bullets and facilitate surgery. It was also important not to move the wounded, so she invented X-ray vans and trained 150 female attendants. On July 4, 1934, at the age of 67 Madame Curie died of leukemia (aplastic pernicious anemia), thought to have been brought on by exposure to the high levels of radiation involved in her research. After her death the Radium Institute was rename the Curie Institute in her honor.
3. In 1903, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel the Nobel Prize in Physics, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel." Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. Eight years later, she received the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element". She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes. She is one of only two persons who have been awarded a Nobel Prize in two different fields, the other being Linus Pauling (Chemistry, Peace). She remains the only woman to have won two Nobel Prizes. She was also the recipient of the Davy Medal (1903) and the Matteucci Medal (1904).
4. Element #96, Curium (Cm), is named in honour of Pierre and Marie Curie.
"You cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individuals. To that end, each of us must work for our own improvement and, at the same time, share a general responsibility for all humanity, our particular duty being to aid those to whom we think we can be most useful." —Marie Curie
“Nothing in life is to be feared—it is only to be understood.”
—Marie Curie
2007-03-12 19:24:42
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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Marie Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934)
Born: November 7, 1867
Warsaw, Poland
Died : July 4, 1934
Sancellemoz, France
Nationality : Polish
Field : Physics and Chemistry
Institution: Sorbonne
Alma mater :Sorbonne and ESPCI
Academic advisor: Henri Becquerel
Notable students :André-Louis Debierne
Marguerite Catherine Perey
Émile Henriot
Known for: Radioactivity
Notable prizes: Nobel Prize for Physics (1903)
Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911)
The only person to win two Nobel Prizes in different science fields. Married to Pierre Curie (m. 1895), their children include Irène Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie.
Maria Skłodowska-Curie (born Maria Skłodowska; known in France, where she lived most of her life, as Marie Curie, aka Madame Curie; Warsaw, November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934, Sancellemoz, France) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. She was a pioneer in radioactivity, the first two-time Nobel laureate (the only one in two different sciences), and the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
She was born in Warsaw, Poland, to Polish parents and lived there to age 24. In 1891 she went to Paris, France, to study science. She obtained her higher degrees; and conducted nearly all her scientific work there, and became a naturalized French citizen. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris, France, and in her home town, Warsaw, in resurrected Poland.
Russia, partitioned Poland, her early years were marked by the deaths of her sister (from typhus) and, four years later, her mother.
Manya became Marie when young Marie enrolled in Sorbonne in 1897. At that time she had already started her education but wanted to transfer so she could get the things she needed to be able to work on her accomplishments. She thought that she could have more space as in working in that area nearer to her family when they were sick instead of trying to travel when they were and missing school at her young age. Young Skłodowska had an amazing memory and a diligent work ethic, neglecting even food and sleep while studying. She graduated from high school at the top of her class at age fifteen. She was also very shy, and hated being famous.
Due to her sex and to Russian reprisals following the Polish 1863 Uprising against Tsarist Russia, Skłodowska was denied admission to a regular university, and worked several years as a governess while attending Warsaw's illegal Flying University. Eventually, with financial help from her elder sister Bronisława, she moved to Paris.
Skłodowska attended high school at the Collège Sévigné, then studied physics and mathematics at the Sorbonne. (She would later become the Sorbonne's first female professor.) In the spring of 1893, she graduated first in her undergraduate class. A year later, also at the Sorbonne, she obtained her master's degree in mathematics. In 1903, under the supervision of Henri Becquerel, she received her DSc from the ESPCI, Paris, becoming the first woman in France to complete a doctorate [1].
At the Sorbonne, she met and married Pierre Curie, a fellow-instructor. Together they studied radioactive materials, particularly pitchblende — the ore from which uranium was extracted — which had the curious property of being more radioactive than the uranium extracted from it. By 1898 they had deduced that the pitchblende must contain traces of an unknown radioactive substance far more radioactive than uranium. On December 26, 1898, Skłodowska-Curie announced the existence of this substance.
Over several years' unceasing labor, they processed several tons of pitchblende, progressively concentrating the radioactive substances and eventually isolating the chloride salts (refining radium chloride on April 20, 1902) and identifying two new chemical elements. The first, they named "polonium," after Skłodowska-Curie's native country, Poland, and the other — "radium," for its intense radioactivity.
One of Maria Skłodowska-Curie's two Nobel Prize diplomas.In 1903, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel the Nobel Prize in Physics, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel."
Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. Eight years later, she received the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element".
In an unusual decision, Skłodowska-Curie intentionally refrained from patenting the radium-isolation process, leaving it open so that the scientific community could do research unhindered. A month after accepting her 1911 Nobel Prize, she was hospitalized with depression and a kidney ailment. Whenever she felt especially depressed, she went to the countryside to relax.
She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes. She is one of only two persons who have been awarded a Nobel Prize in two different fields, the other being Linus Pauling (Chemistry, Peace). She remains the only woman to have won two Nobel Prizes.
Dołęga coat-of-arms, hereditary in Skłodowska's family.After her husband's 1906 death in a street accident, she reputedly had an affair with physicist Paul Langevin — a married man who had left his wife — which resulted in a press scandal, taken advantage of by her academic opponents to damage her credibility. Despite her fame as an honored scientist working for France, the public's attitude to the scandal tended toward xenophobia. In a strange coincidence, Langevin's grandson Michel would later marry her granddaughter, Hélène Langevin-Joliot.
During World War I, she pushed for the use of mobile radiography units, "Little Curies" (petites Curies), for the treatment of wounded soldiers. These units were powered using tubes of radium emanation, a colorless, radioactive gas given off by radium, later identified as radon. Marie personally provided the tubes, derived from the radium she purified. Also, promptly after the war started, she donated her and her husband's gold Nobel Prize medals for the war effort.
In 1921, she toured the United States, where she was welcomed triumphantly, to raise funds for research on radium.
In her later years, she was disappointed by the many physicians and makers of cosmetics who used radioactive material without precautions.
Polish 20,000-złoty banknote with likeness of Maria Skłodowska-Curie.
500-French franc banknote with Marie Curie and (background) her husband and 1903 fellow-Nobel-laureate, Pierre Curie.
Plaque commemorating Maria Skłodowska-Curie's first scientific endeavors (1890–91), in a laboratory at Krakowskie Przedmieście 66, Warsaw.Her death near Sallanches in 1934 was from aplastic anemia, almost certainly due to massive exposure to radiation, as much of her work had been carried out in a shed with no safety measures being taken, as the damaging effects of hard radiation were not yet known. She carried test tubes containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket and stored them in her desk drawer, remarking on the pretty blue-green light the substances gave off in the dark.
She was initially buried at the cemetery in Sceaux, where Pierre lay, but in 1995, to honor their work, their ashes were transferred to the Panthéon.
Their eldest daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935.
Prizes
Nobel Prize for Physics (1903)
Davy Medal (1903)
Matteucci Medal (1904)
Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911)
Tribute
Skłodowska-Curie's younger daughter, Eve Curie, wrote the biography, Madame Curie, after her mother's death.
In 1995, Madame Curie was the first and only woman laid to rest under the famous dome of the Panthéon, in Paris, on her own merits (alongside her husband, Pierre Curie).
A unit of radioactivity, the Curie (symbol Ci), is named in their honor.
Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon starred in the 1943 U. S. Oscar-nominated film, Madame Curie, based on her life.
"Marie Curie" appears as a character in the 1988 comedy, Young Einstein, by Yahoo Serious.
French playwright Jean-Noël Fenwick's 1989 lighthearted drama, Les Palmes de M. Schutz, is based on the early romance and scientific collaboration of Marie and Pierre Curie. A 1997 movie version starred Isabelle Hupert as Mme. Curie.
Skłodowska-Curie's likeness appeared on the Polish late-1980s inflationary 20,000-złoty banknote. Her likeness also appeared on stamps and coins, and on the last French 500-franc note (with her husband, Pierre Curie) before the franc was made obsolete by the euro.
Element #96, Curium (Cm), is named in honour of Pierre and Marie Curie.
Pierre and Marie Curie University, the largest science, technology and medicine university in France, and successor institution to the faculty of science at the University of Paris, where she taught, is named in honor of her and Pierre. The university is home to the laboratory where they discovered radium.
A school named for her, Marie Curie Middle School #158, in Bayside, New York, specializes in science and technology.
2007-03-12 19:06:16
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answer #7
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answered by angel 3
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